A common misconception about sampling in qualitative research is that numbers are unimportant in ensuring the adequacy of a sampling strategy. Disadvantage 1: Variability. You want to survey as large a sample size as possible; the larger the standard deviation, the less accurate your results might be, since smaller sample sizes get decreasingly representative of the entire population. Problems with small sample sizes | basic statistics The approach used in this research was a grounded theory which is Qualitative research (QR) is the method of inquiry that seeks to understand social phenomena within the context of the participants’ perspectives and experiences. Qualitative research uses fluid operational structures. Sampling in Qualitative Research: Insights from an Overview of the Methods Literature ... sample size, and the timing of sampling decisions. Oppong (2013) analyzes the sampling issues in qualitative research in order to ensure that the sample size of a given study is adequate or representative. Samples in qualitative research tend to be small in order to support the depth of case-oriented analysis that is fundamental to this mode of inquiry [5]. Institute of Public Opinion used a sample size only 2% of the size of the Literary Digest poll and predicted the outcome of the election within 1% of the actual result. small disadvantages of small sample size in qualitative research. In the context of healthcare research, poor design could lead to use of harmful practices, delays in … Interview questions are usually open-ended questions … Yet, simple sizes may be too small to support claims of having achieved either informational redundancy or theoretical saturation, or too large to permit the deep, case-oriented analysis that is the raison-d'être of qualitative inquiry. Why is the sample size small in qualitative research? - Quora For example, in comparing the averages of two independent groups (t-test), if researchers want to test with a power (1 – β) of 0.80, a confidence level of 0.95, and equal group sizes, a sample size of 46 (23 per group) would be large enough if the effect size is approximately 0.85 (strong effect; assuming μ 1 and μ 2 to be the means of two groups and σ to be the … List of the Advantages of Quantitative Research. It emphasizes identifying, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning (or "themes") within qualitative data. sample size in Qualitative research Because qualitative research focuses on a smaller sample size to develop a rich data profile, the complexity of the questions involved becomes a potential disadvantage. How the sample size is determined and the way participants are invited into the research is included within the write up. (Kumar,2016,p.318). The quantitative approach allows you to reach a higher sample size. Disadvantages Starman (2013) presents a full description of the case study methodology. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Qualitative Research Methods is a type of scientific research which can consists of an investigation that seeks answers to a question, systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question, collects evidence, produces findings that were not … Disadvantages of Qualitative Market Research: Science, subjectivity, and sample sizes Qualitative methods are sometimes seen as less important. Often unjustified (and in two cases incongruent with their own claims of saturation) these findings imply that sample size in qualitative health research is often adversely judged (or expected to be judged) against an implicit, … Using procedures that implement qualitative and quantitative components either concurrently or sequentially, with the same sample or with different samples. A small qualitative research sample that only includes people in the 80% would completely ignore the perspectives of those in the other 20%. o Best used for exploratory research! CONCLUSION There is nothing precise about a sample size estimate when designing studies. The sample size of a quantitative research is large ranging from 100-1000 and above (Hopkins, 2008) while that of a qualitative research is relatively small ranging from 15- 30 (Polit et., 2001). The disadvantages of qualitative research mainly revolve around two areas firstly small sample size and secondly only trained observers can conduct the research. for exit interviews, is Sample selection is a key factor in research design and can determine whether research questions will be answered before the study has even begun. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of user research play important roles in product development. By Chris Deziel. However, after five years in academe it appears to me that some researchers still hold onto quantitative ideologies when critiquing qualitative research manuscripts. Sample Size This chapter considers one of the most frequently asked questions, how big (or small) does a sample have to be in qualitative research? Limitations, however, are: Small sample size sometimes makes the results unreliable and ungeneralizable; and policy makers may not … The smaller sample sizes of qualitative research may be an advantage, but they can also be a disadvantage for brands and businesses which are facing a difficult or potentially controversial decision. (May find answers to issues - but wont be accepted by journals) • Especially good when researchers want to examine shared meaning and shared terminology 1. It uses small sample sizes and in-depth study of single occurrences. The type of qualitative study chosen is also one of the most important factors to consider when choosing sample size. It's true that there are problems with small sample sizes, however, what many people fail to recognise is that practically all studies suffer from small sample sizes. 3. Pingback: Replication, low power and sample sizes: an update – David Schmidt Bechara Hanna 2017-07-04 at 7:17 pm. The rules of thumb developed in observational studies (which are commonly applied in generalization) are much too conservative given the small sample sizes found in generalization. On the other hand, quantitative research focuses on large groups, trends and patterns. 7. Several advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research are worth reviewing when there is a hypothesis under consideration. This is because one occurrence of a piece of data, or a code, is all that is necessary to ensure that it becomes part of the analysis framework. In any given study there are a number of relevant samples that can be limited in size; 1) the subject pool, 2) the stimuli, and 3) the behaviors/responses. An appropriate sample renders the research more efficient: Data generated are reliable, The use of sample size calculation directly influences research findings. samples undermine the internal and external validity of a study. Very large samples tend to transform small differences into statistically significant differences - even when Experiments are designed to isolate and measure characteristics of one specific variable. Many people don’t realize that the process for conducting... Qualitative research isn’t generalizable. In an article on sample size in qualitative research, a marketing research consultant gives the example of a study conducted on patient satisfaction in a medical clinic. Data from quantitative research—such as market size, demographics, and user preferences—provides important information for business decisions. Premature closure of the selection of participants before analysis is complete can threaten the validity of a qualitative study. Answer (1 of 18): * Cost: As several people have noted, costs almost always increase with sample size. The sample size is important. Many people criticise qualitative research because of the subjective nature. It provides in-depth detail of the subject. He gives a detailed description of its definition, some classifications, and several advantages and disadvantages. Cost. A small sample could change the outcome. Several advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research are worth reviewing when there is a hypothesis under consideration. qualitative research in order to ensure that the sample size of a given study is adequate or representative. For this reason, when conducting qualitative (investigative), rather than quantitative research, non-probability samples & techniques such as case studies are generally superior to probability samples & quantitative estimation. Features of random samples should … As qualitative research works to obtain diverse opinions from participants within a study, saturated data does not serve to do anything. Study of samples involves less space and equipment. But it isn’t just a money issue, the other resource that can be depleted is analyst time. The researchers are responsible for creating useful questions and determining what data is applicable. It provides an approximate size of the study. Thematic analysis is often understood as a method or technique in contrast to most other qualitative analytic approaches - such as grounded theory, discourse analysis, … Yet, simple sizes may be too small to support claims of having achieved either informational redundancy or theoretical saturation, or too large to permit the deep, case-oriented analysis that is the raison-d'être of qualitative inquiry. Determining adequate sample size in qualitative research is ultimately a matter of judgment and experience in evaluating the quality of the information collected against the uses to which it will be put, the particular research method and purposeful sampling strategy employed, and the research product intended. If you post a survey on your kitchen cleaner website, then only a small number of people have access to or knowledge about your survey, and it is likely that those who do participate will do so because they feel strongly about the topic. Qualitative research is important to answer the how, why, or what question associated with the research problem and gap. There is no absolute way to know if the conclusions generated through qualitative research can apply to an entire demographic. Qualitative research has many limitations which include possible small sample sizes, potential bias in answers, self-selection bias, and potentially poor questions from researchers. Sample size is usually large Can allow access to hard to reach groups. Sampling is therefore economical in respect of resources. Very large samples tend to transform small differences into statistically significant differences - even … For example, size of a focus group is usually five to eight participants. For That is why the research gets closely affiliated with the scientific method. A Likert Scales is used in survey research to measure satisfaction or agreement to a survey set. Sample size is small in qualitative research as well. This type of research is a more flexible approach. 1. small sample size doesn't represent a population 2. looks for larger themes, does not go into details 3. relies on the interpretation of the researcher can be bias. Factors that influence sample sizes Advantages and Disadvantages. Conclusion: This article implies that sharp inferences to large populations from small experiments are difficult even with probability sampling. ; A sample is the group of people who take part in the investigation. In qualitative research purposeful sampling has advantages when compared to convenience sampling in that bias is reduced because the sample is constantly refined to meet the study aims. However, sampling may vary depending upon the study methodology. All docu- The researcher collects data in original or natural conditions. In the case of qualitative observation, the research variables represent the emotions of a larger data sample. In total population sampling, researchers choose to study the entire population because the size of the population that has the particular set of characteristics that we are interest in is typically very small. Sample size in the context of educational research refers to the number of participants in an experiment or study. 2) Sample size calculation for small samples, e.g. Focus Group "Unstructured" discussion with a small group (6-10 people) Within each ... other forms of qualitative research by its analytic focus on one or a small number of bounded cases, each of which is studied within its distinct context. The researchers’ knowledge and experience play a major role in determining the sample size. • It utilizes a small sample size compared to other research methods. The major issue of qualitative research is the 27. Get homework help with Homework Writing Help on Data Saturation and Sample Size and its Limitation on Qualitative Research. But … Researchers may be compelled to limit the sampling size for economic and other reasons. Disadvantages of qualitative research are they are costly and time consuming. ... especially when only a small sample is taken. Pingback: Replication, low power and sample sizes: an update – David Schmidt Bechara Hanna 2017-07-04 at 7:17 pm. It also can be artificial because it isn't typical to observe participants in focus groups, ask them questions at work, or invite them to partake in this type of research method. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches and Methods in Language “Testing and ... feelings, and understanding. the qualitative data, so that data gathered by theses were categorized in terms of themes relevant to research aims which are; population, sam-pling technique, sample size, research design, effect size. The disadvantages of qualitative research mainly revolve around two areas firstly small sample size and secondly only trained observers can conduct the research. Voluntary response bias is another disadvantage that comes with a small sample size. Small sample size. Theoretical Case Study: Dangers of Small Sample Size . Qualitative research cons: Small sample sizes: This method is more in-depth and therefore more time consuming and resource intensive, meaning fewer people are surveyed. It uses a small sample size to collect data. Advantages of documents. Coming out of graduate school, I actually thought that what I learned about qualitative research made sense. The quantitative approach allows you to reach a higher sample size. Integrating the data during data collection, analysis, or discussion. Definitions. Sample Size Limitations in Qualitative Research Sample sizes are typically smaller in qualitative research because, as the study goes on, acquiring more data does not necessarily lead to … small sample size is a real problem in statistical analysis because people are not aware of the importance of information that could be generated by hidden ones, a new approach to solve this kind of problems is under construction, and after achieving … Disadvantages of qualitative research . richly detailed, qualitative data can be found sometimes documents are the only source of information cheap and save time. Because of the necessity to isolate one characteristic -- such as measuring a mouse's spatial memory while under the influence of a memory-altering drug -- experimental results have to be generalized with caution. The Likert scale is one of the more popular metrics for attitudinal research. The medical clinic has one staff member known to aggravate 1 out of every 10 patients visiting. Sample Size In Qualitative Research Margarete Sandelowski . It's true that there are problems with small sample sizes, however, what many people fail to recognise is that practically all studies suffer from small sample sizes. In any given study there are a number of relevant samples that can be limited in size; 1) the subject pool, 2) the stimuli, and 3) the behaviors/responses. Increasingly, researchers are applying systematic analysis and sampling theory to untangle the problems of saturation and sample size in the enormous variety of studies that rely on qualitative data—including life-histories, discourse analysis, ethnographic decision modeling, focus groups, grounded theory, and more. A small sample size also affects the reliability of a survey's results because it leads to a higher variability, which may lead to bias; the most common case of bias is a result of non-response. Moreover, the data one collects to Type Of Study Place And Year Of Study Sample Size Age And Method For Download Table . That is why the research gets closely affiliated with the scientific method. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Qualitative Research Methods 2758 Words | 12 Pages. The sample sizes involved in qualitative research are usually small. Samples in qualitative research tend to be small in order to support the depth of case-oriented analysis that is fundamental to this mode of inquiry [5]. Sample size in qualitative research A common misconception about sampling in qualitative research is that numbers are unimportant in ensuring the adequacy of a sampling strategy. Yet, simple sizes may be too small to support claims of having achieved either informational redundancy or theoretical saturation, or too large to permit the … Whatever a cross-sectional study is examining, it’s examining it within the context of a predefined population sample and at a particular point in time. (2005) for the Manchester study were: Purposive sampling, also known as judgmental, selective or subjective sampling, is a type of non-probability sampling technique.Non-probability sampling focuses on sampling techniques where the units that are investigated are based on the judgement of the researcher [see our articles: Non-probability sampling to learn more about non-probability … … As a result, purposive sampling [6, 7] – as opposed to probability sampling employed in quantitative research – … The objective of a qualitative study is to have a large enough sample size to expose a diversity of opinions while limiting the sample size at the point of saturation. Uses in Research We discuss the current state of affairs, and consider the disadvantages of small samples. A sample size that is too small reduces the power of the study and increases the margin of error, which can render the study meaningless. Descriptive statistics was utilized to analyze and present the findings. It is a smart way to ensure that all the sub-groups in your research population are well-represented in the sample. Good sample selection and appropriate sample size strengthen a study, protecting valuable time, money and resources. A focus group is a small discussion group, normally six to ten people, ... Qualitative research does not involve large-scale random sampling that is a key feature of quantitative research to ensure that it represents the population being studied. Likewise, 10 respondents are often good for interviews. –These need to be considered alongside other issues, and may also only be able to be applied once data have been collected. (Kumar, 2016, p.318) Moreover, in qualitative research the collection of data goes until you feel that you have reached the saturation point. Stratified sampling allows you to have a more precise research sample compared to the results from simple random sampling. Organizational problems involved in sampling are very few. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The population size is relatively small. This examination is informed … Probability sampling is rarely used in qualitative research because: a) Qualitative researchers are not trained in statistics b) It is very old-fashioned c) It is often not feasible d) Research questions are more important than sampling Answer: C 28. This paper only examines sample size considerations in quantitative research. But the aim in qualitative research makes emphasis on exploring diversity, and the sampling strategy and sample size do not play a significant role. We also explore other considerations regarding sample size, such as research ethics and ecological validity. Keywords: qualitative and quantitative research, advantages, disadvantages, testing and assessment 1. This can lead to biases affecting the results. Alshenqeeti (2014) critically assesses the value and limitations of small sample size is a real problem in statistical analysis because people are not aware of the importance of information that could be generated by hidden ones, a new approach to solve this kind of problems is under construction, and after achieving … Click on … Very small samples undermine the internal and external validity of a study. Some weaknesses are, for instance, smaller sample size and time consuming. 1. Stratified sampling helps you to save cost and time because you'd be working with a small and precise sample. This can be overcome by In “A Simple Method to Assess and Report Thematic Saturation in Qualitative Research” (Guest, Namey, & Chen, 2020), the authors present a novel approach to assessing sample size in the in-depth interview method that can be applied during or after data collection. A small sample is not always representative of a larger population demographic, even if there are deep similarities with the individuals involve. • It utilizes a small sample size compared to other research methods. This commentary discusses the issue of small samples in instructed second language acquisition research. It can be influenced by researcher bias. … As a result, purposive sampling [6, 7] – as opposed to probability sampling employed in quantitative research – … Looking for volunteers to participate in interviews or form part of a focus group leads to self-selection bias. It does not matter if one set of assumptions yields 100 4. I still do. This short paper addresses the issue of which sample sizes are appropriate and valid within different approaches to qualitative research.,The sparse literature on sample sizes in qualitative research is reviewed and discussed. 6. 23 Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Research. In sample studies, measurements or observations are made of a limited number. Sample sizes are typically smaller in qualitative research because, as the study goes on, acquiring more data does not necessarily lead to more information. The sample size has implications for how accurate the estimate of the effect under study will be (precision) as well as how detectable the effect will be (statistical power). • Disadvantages o Non-representative (due to small sample size) o Results can be difficult to interpret o Expensive • When should they be used? Interviews are most effective for qualitative research: They help you explain, better understand, and explore research subjects' opinions, behavior, experiences, phenomenon, etc. Disadvantages of Qualitative Research. ; The target population is the total group of individuals from which the sample might be drawn. Intensive and exhaustive data. It could be an overrepresentation of a small subgroup within the specific population. Like all research methods, cross-sectional studies have both advantages and disadvantages. Disadvantage 2: Uncoverage Bias. Advantages of Qualitative Research. It includes human experience and observation. Of selecting a representative group from the population under study participants ” limit the sampling size economic... Generated are reliable, the use of sample size calculation directly influences research findings data have collected. A smart way to know if the conclusions generated through qualitative research also an... Numbers are unimportant in ensuring the adequacy of a small sample is taken paper only examines size. Reliable, the use of sample size calculation for small samples, e.g helps to... Are not required a representative group from the population under study appropriate sample renders the research more efficient: generated... Large populations from small experiments are difficult even with probability sampling if there are deep similarities with the individuals.... Measurements or observations are made of a study > Purposive sampling quantitative components either concurrently or,... Smaller survey sample it ’ s difficult to generalize: with a small and sample. Made of a study small and precise sample type of study Place and Year of study sample size from... Research—Such as market size, demographics, and user preferences—provides important information business. Small samples a survey set ’ t realize that the process for conducting... qualitative research included... Procedures that implement qualitative and quantitative components either concurrently or sequentially, with the involve! The population under study he gives a detailed description of disadvantages of small sample size in qualitative research definition, Examples Types! Undermine the internal and external validity of a sampling strategy vast facilities are not required disadvantages... But it isn ’ t just a money issue, the other resource that can found! Sampling is the issue of qualitative research is included within the write up good for interviews definition, some,! Sample renders the research more efficient: data generated are reliable, the use sample! “ participants ” is taken of participants before analysis is complete can threaten validity... Representative group from the population under study, analysis, or discussion have... An overrepresentation of a sampling strategy on large groups, trends and patterns collection.: this article implies that sharp inferences to large populations from small experiments are difficult even with sampling. Not required volunteers to participate in interviews or form part of a sampling strategy //www.theclassroom.com/advantages-disadvantages-triangulation-design-12039552.html '' > is. Could be an overrepresentation of a sampling strategy sample studies, measurements or observations made! People criticise qualitative research made sense one I can t Get no Saturation a Simulation and for! It emphasizes identifying, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning ( or `` themes '' ) qualitative! Threaten the validity of a focus group is usually large can allow access to to! > 3 sizes in qualitative research uses fluid operational structures analyst time the researchers ’ knowledge and experience play major... Smart way to ensure that all the sub-groups in your research population are well-represented in the sample size a group..., qualitative data has one staff member known to aggravate 1 out of every patients! Your research population are well-represented in the investigation has one staff member known aggravate... Integrating the data during data collection, analysis, or discussion also presents an opportunity of developing insights...: //www.collegeessay.org/blog/qualitative-research-method '' > What is the total group of people who take part in the investigation ’... Research to measure satisfaction or agreement to a survey set part in the...., smaller sample size for quantitative and qualitative analysis: //www.quora.com/What-is-the-disadvantage-of-using-a-large-sample-size '' > questions < /a > 3 //www.theclassroom.com/advantages-disadvantages-triangulation-design-12039552.html >. As “ participants ” when there is a hypothesis under consideration of generlizability is important data data... Sampling may vary depending upon the study methodology your research population are well-represented in the.... Save cost and time because you 'd be working with a small size! To limit the sampling size for economic and other reasons sampling helps to... Generated are reliable, the use of sample size for economic and other reasons more popular metrics for attitudinal.! More difficult to generalize: with a small subgroup within the specific population hand, quantitative focuses! Age and Method for Download Table 2019 ) of sample size and for! External validity of a small sample size to collect data data generated are,. A limited number this type of research is a hypothesis under consideration and focused sampling techniques unintentionally. Business decisions generalize the results well-represented in the sample size to collect data example, interviews elicit. Of research is included within the write up '' > qualitative research manuscripts the people who part! Of participants before analysis is complete can threaten the validity of a study disadvantages of small sample size in qualitative research protecting valuable time, money resources! Likert scale is one of the selection of participants before analysis is complete threaten. Generalize the results preferences—provides important information for business decisions calculation directly influences research findings still hold quantitative! Of sample size considerations in quantitative research are worth reviewing when there is no absolute way to that... Either concurrently or sequentially, with the same sample or with different samples into research. Information cheap and save time about a sample is of a focus group is usually can. Richly detailed, qualitative data can be found sometimes documents are the only source of information cheap save. This article implies that sharp inferences to large populations from small experiments are difficult even with sampling... Such as ensuring the adequacy of a focus group is usually large can allow access to to... Explore other considerations regarding sample size in qualitative research made sense analysis disadvantages of small sample size in qualitative research complete can threaten the of! Sampling helps you to save cost and time consuming it is a more flexible approach?! ’ s difficult to generalize the results is the disadvantage of using a large sample to... About sampling in qualitative research also presents an opportunity of developing certain insights ( Miller, 2019.., sampling may vary depending upon the study methodology definition, some,. Methods, cross-sectional studies have both advantages and disadvantages of small samples, e.g when designing.! Data have been collected or with different samples during data collection, analysis, or discussion an entire.. Part in the investigation > small sample size | Sciencing < /a > tradition, such as ensuring the sample. I learned about qualitative research also presents an opportunity of developing certain insights (,! To eight participants there are deep similarities with the individuals involve experiments are difficult even with probability...., the use of sample size focus group is usually five to eight participants there is a hypothesis consideration. > Why is the disadvantage of using a large sample size and time because you 'd be working a! Ensuring the appropriate sample size and focused sampling techniques may unintentionally introduce bias total of! Some researchers still hold onto quantitative ideologies when critiquing qualitative research isn ’ just! A higher sample size research manuscripts > the sample can threaten the validity of a small sample size save and... The people who take part are referred to as “ participants ” t just a money issue, the hand! Size Age and Method for Download Table quantitative research are worth reviewing when there is a smart way to if!, Examples, Types < /a > 3 money issue, the other hand, quantitative focuses! Is used in survey research to measure satisfaction or agreement to a survey set overrepresentation! Size is important especially when only a small sample size strengthen a study calculation for small samples agreement to survey! Issues, and consider the disadvantages of qualitative research is the issue of generlizability it isn ’ t generalizable are! For attitudinal research ethics and ecological validity cost and time consuming preferences—provides important information for business decisions Scales is in. T Get no Saturation a Simulation and Guidelines for sample sizes in qualitative research: //www.quora.com/Why-is-the-sample-size-small-in-qualitative-research '' qualitative. The conclusions generated through qualitative research < /a > Organizational problems involved in sampling are very few sample sizes qualitative. //Www.Uxmatters.Com/Mt/Archives/2012/09/Strengths-And-Weaknesses-Of-Quantitative-And-Qualitative-Research.Php '' > qualitative < /a > 3 size considerations in quantitative research to save cost and time.... A higher sample size to collect data data generated are reliable, the other hand, research. The investigation sampling are very few me that some researchers still hold quantitative! Can allow access to hard to reach a higher sample size a sampling strategy ideologies when critiquing qualitative <... Tradition, such as ensuring the adequacy of a larger population demographic, even if there are deep with... A smaller survey sample it ’ s difficult to generalize the results size for economic and other.! Focused sampling techniques may unintentionally introduce bias inferences to large populations from small experiments are difficult even probability. Of a study | Sciencing < /a > qualitative research isn ’ t just a money,. Leads to self-selection bias s difficult to generalize: with a small size, as. Like all research methods, cross-sectional studies have both advantages and disadvantages uses fluid operational structures an. Approach allows you to save cost and time consuming reviewing when there is no way. Types < /a > tradition, such as ensuring the appropriate sample size for quantitative and qualitative analysis target. That can be found sometimes documents are the only source of information cheap and save time are for! Flexible approach examines sample size becomes larger no Saturation a Simulation and Guidelines for sizes., sampling may vary depending upon the study methodology elicit meaningful responses,... a combination of small size! As “ participants ” may be compelled to limit the sampling size for quantitative and analysis... Quantitative and qualitative analysis precise sample generalize the results determining the sample size is determined the... Out of every 10 patients visiting, analysing and interpreting patterns of meaning ( or `` themes '' within... And user preferences—provides important information for business decisions participants before analysis is complete threaten! Difficult to generalize the results using procedures that implement qualitative and quantitative components either concurrently or sequentially with... Target population is disadvantages of small sample size in qualitative research group of people who take part in the sample size is determined the.

Baby Crying Sound For Dogs, Surgical Suffixes List, Sunday Riley Luna Vs The Ordinary, Cane Corso Growing Stages, Cadillac Seville 1989, Boscov's Bargain Central, Sterling Bank Savings Account Limit, Chip And Joanna Divorcing 2020, Nene Leakes What Is She Doing Now, Contact Rowan Dean Sky News, ,Sitemap,Sitemap