Krystina is a Technical Writer with a background in healthcare. Scientists have tracked down a genetic mutation which took place 6,000-10,000 years ago and is the cause of the eye . [55] Eiberg and colleagues suggested in a study published in Human Genetics that a mutation in the 86th intron of the HERC2 gene, which is hypothesized to interact with the OCA2 gene promoter, reduced expression of OCA2 with subsequent reduction in melanin production. One thing that truly sets people apart is their eye color. Even though amber is similar to gold, some people have russet or copper colored amber eyes that are mistaken for hazel, though hazel tends to be duller and contains green with red/gold flecks, as mentioned above. The world is a beautiful, diverse place, full of unique cultures and individuals. Eye color in non-human animals is regulated differently. While limited, there is some research showing that blue eyes may protect you against seasonal affective disorder. The stunning combination of blue eyes and sandy brown or blonde hair is much sought after in other countries, but very much the norm here. (An estimated 55 percent of all people . Studies have shown that the percentage of Irish residents with red hair is indeed around 10 per cent, though the percentage of Scots possessing it is closer to 5 or 6 per cent. Quite a bit. Brown irises contain more or less melanin. Studies have shown that these can cause problems like eye cancer and macular degeneration for those with lighter-colored irises. There are many other possible reasons for having two different-colored eyes. ", Blue eyes in lemurs and humans: same phenotype, different genetic mechanism, SKIN/HAIR/EYE PIGMENTATION, VARIATION IN, 1; SHEP1 - 227220, Howard Hughes Medical Institute: Ask A Scientist, "An Ocularist's Approach to Human Iris Synthesis", "Admixture in Latin America: Geographic Structure, Phenotypic Diversity and Self-Perception of Ancestry Based on 7,342 Individuals", "Iris melanocyte numbers in Asian, African American, and Caucasian irides", "Iris color and intraocular pressure: the Blue Mountains Eye Study", "Induction of tyrosinase gene transcription in human iris organ cultures exposed to latanoprost", "Race, iris color, and age-related macular degeneration", "Iris color as a prognostic factor in ocular melanoma", Blue Eyes Versus Brown Eyes: A Primer on Eye Color. A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of your eye (the clear part of the eye that helps to focus light). [73], Although the deep blue eyes of some people such as Elizabeth Taylor can appear purple or violet at certain times, "true" violet-colored eyes occur only due to albinism. Blue eyes are an inherited trait. The color of ones eye is perhaps one of the first things people observe when they see each other. All About Vision does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. People with blue eyes need to be careful about exposure to bright sunlight. All About Vision and AllAboutVision.com are registered trademarks of AAV Media, LLC. Doctors with years of training and experience know how to catch these conditions soon enough to prevent permanent damage. If this gene activation never happens, a baby's eyes will stay blue. "They have all inherited the same switch at exactly the same spot in their DNA.". Most newborn babies who have European ancestry have light-colored eyes. Light or medium-pigmented brown eyes can also be commonly found in South Europe, among the Americas, and parts of Central Asia, West Asia and South Asia. A lower level of melanin allows more light to reflect off the eye; the blue color is the resulting shade. Blue 8.0%. In fact, more than half of all Americans age 80 or older either have cataracts or have had surgery to get rid of cataracts. [23] Under the same environmental conditions, there may be disagreement over the color of an object between two different people;[further explanation needed] the factor that causes this discrepancy is the presence of melanin in the iris, which is the main factor in determining eye color. Furnace, Boiler or Heat Pump? : 9 In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris . International Journal of Ophthalmology. Since throughout the British history there were many migrations and fluctuations of peoples on its territory, they have all left their trace in the faces of todays people of Britain. In contrast, more than 50 percent of the global population is believed to have brown eyes. Comments. Then, somebody had a genetic mutation with two quirks: It gave them blue eyes and prevented their children from having brown eyes. An iris that appears golden contains some melanin even at this early age and is likely to turn from blue to green or brown as the infant ages. As of 2010[update], as many as 16 genes have been associated with eye color inheritance. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. One mutation 10,000 years ago has today resulted in almost 200 million pairs of blue eyes, and people with blue eyes have more blue-eyed children. October 2014. That doesn't necessarily mean that the parents themselves have to have blue eyes; it's possible they carry the gene, but it is recessive. The collagen is scatted by light to make the eyes look gray. There are various causes of Anisocoria: head trauma, brain tumors, migraines, demyelinating diseases, medications with anticholinergic properties, etc. Whether you have blue, brown, green, or hazel eyes, always take good care of your eyes, it will keep them healthy for years to come! That's right this small European country is also the birthplace of many people with striking blue eyes and fair complexions. This occurs in humans and certain breeds of domesticated animals and affects less than 1 percent of the world's population. Yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer -- 48 percent of female CEOs on the S&P 500 sport blonde locks. [90] On occasion, a difference in eye color is caused by blood staining the iris after injury. In the US, 45% of people have brown eyes, while the rarest eye color is green only 9% of people in the US have green eyes. The iris is the colored part of your eye that has multiple layers. This is why regular eye exams repay your investment many times over. The hazel eye color is primarily due to the combination of a decent amount of melanin and Rayleigh scattering. Blue is the most common eye colour in Britain, researchers found. In fact, only about 17 percent of the world's population has blue eyes. [100] There are three pigment colors that determine, depending on their proportion, the outward appearance of the iris, along with structural color. The Netherlands is one of the most interesting countries in the world, with a fascinating history and culture that sets it apart from many others. Quizzes; Events; Quiz Creation; Community; Videos; Private Events . [3]:9. . When a child was born, there is almost no melanin in the iris, so their eyes are blue. Red hair is . This one person with a genetic mutation had children, and the trait was passed to the next generation. Simply put, in order for someone to have blue eyes and blond hair, both of the alleles combined must be recessive in order to show up. Hereditary deafness is a major concern in white cats, and even more so if one or both irises are blue in color. Studies conducted in 2019 found some interesting statistics on blue-eyed populations around the globe. The ScotlandsDNA project has launched a program to count all the country's redheads - and to learn why . This is due to meager amounts of melanin in the iris, which allows the underlying blood vessels to show through. Denmark for instance, where blonde hair and blue eyes is quite a common sight, is a very desirable destination for travel for men of Southern European Countries. the admirers of blue eyes and fair hair were disgusted . Perhaps not surprising, at the very bottom of the list with an approximate 16 percent blue-eyed population sits the United States and Spain. Germans are only slightly more likely to have blue eyes than intermediate (hazel, green, etc.) A cataract is a clouding of the eye's lens. [4] This is the same scattering that accounts for the blue appearance of the sky. They lower your risk of developing cataracts, for instance. For blue-eyed people, this top layer lacks melanin. Top 10 Countries that Have the Most Blondes and Blue Eyes as a Percentage of Population, countries with the most beautiful women in Europe, countries with the most beautiful women in the world, 11 Countries with the Most Beautiful Women in Europe, 20 Countries With The Most Beautiful Women In The World, top 10 countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage of population, How to Best Use Insider Monkey to Increase Your Returns, 6 Things You Didn't Know About Hedge Funds. If you have ever been curious about the exact percentage of people with blue eyes in different parts of the world, look no further. Grey 0%. For example, Asians typically have brown eyes, while Europeans are more likely to have eyes of blue or other lighter hues. Blue eye color is determined by melanin, and melanin is actually brown by nature. Some of the eye-color genes include OCA2 and HERC2. Brown is the most common eye colour. If you see a dark outline around your iris -- the colored part of your eye -- this is your limbal ring. All eyes in the country were once brown, but a study revealed they are now 48 per cent blue, 30 per cent green and 22 per cent brown. Having blue eyes has its advantages. Researchers believe there is one ancestor responsible for blue eyes that descended from the Black Sea region of southeastern Europe anywhere between 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. Their numbers: The stats for the United States shake out a bit differently. Green 2.0%. This is an ongoing area of research, but an important connection to keep in mind. Summary. Eye damage from UV and blue light appears to be related to your lifetime exposure to these rays, so wearing sunglasses that block 100% UV (and most blue light) should start during childhood, when possible. "Originally, we all had brown eyes," said Hans Eiberg, associate professor in the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine at the university. Most Asian and African children are born with brown and black eyes. The brown color comes from melanin, a pigment in our eyes that also gives a brown color to hair, skin and other cells. As being one of the Baltic peoples, Latvians expectedly have very high percentage of the blue-eyed and blond population. [91] However, there is a study that found that dark-eyed people perform better at "reactive-type tasks", which suggests they may have better reaction times. A person may also have more than one eye color, a condition called Heretochromia, which affects less than 1% of people. Hearing Research. Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue Crystal GayleIt was released in June 1977 and reached Number 1 on the Country Billboard Charts, Number 2 on the Billboard Ho. It was created by the anthropologists Rudolf Martin and Bruno K Schultz in the first half of the 20th century. Some medical conditions affect ones eye color. That is, they certainly are not the tallest (although tall enough being behind one of the tallest countries like Germany or Netherlands), and the researches concerning eye color are not precise enough as we have noted in the introduction. A team of scientists has tracked down a genetic mutation that leads to blue eyes. [29] Brown eyes are common in Europe, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, West Asia, Oceania, Africa and the Americas. Image credit: Aleksandar Mijatovic via Shutterstock. Blue eyes aren't even actually blue. [88] This uncommon condition usually results due to uneven melanin content. Are Blue-Eyed People More Likely to Get Macular Degeneration? Scientists believe that all blue-eyed people trace back to a common ancestor, who most likely carried a genetic mutation that resulted in reduced melanin production. [10][11] However, OCA2 gene polymorphism, close to proximal 5' regulatory region, explains most human eye-color variation. Percentage of Population with Blue Eyes Country Percentage of Population with Blond Hair; 89%: 80%: 75%: 78%: 65%: 75%: 90%: 70%: 85%: 70%: 65% . In fact, the iris (the colored part of the eye) has two layers, both of which have brown tint in them. SEE RELATED: How color contact lenses can make anyone's eyes blue. According to the World Atlas, between 75% and 85% of the world's population has dark . Hazel/amber is the next rarest of these. [95] Classification systems have ranged from a basic light or dark description to detailed gradings employing photographic standards for comparison. Home Improvement / story. There are three types of Heterochromia: complete, sectoral, and central. Is eye color determined by genetics? Cavin Herbert Eye Institute. Research has shown that lighter iris colors are associated with: A higher risk of ocular uveal melanoma (a type of eye cancer), No difference in the risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. Researchers at the American Academy of Opthalmology have stated that everyone on planet earth had brown eyes around 10,000 years ago. Medicaid: Eligibility and Vision Benefits. Although most common eye color in Latvia that ranks 7th on our list oftop countries that have the most blondes and blue eyes as a percentage ofpopulation, is blue and greyish-blue and hair blond, there is also a certain amount of population being grey-eyes and brown haired, whose roots can probably be traced to the ancient Livs, who have later been assimilated. Speaking scientifically, blue eye color and natural blond hair are cause of recessive genes (actually alleles, which are forms of a gene) combination, as opposed to dominant genes which are characterised by darker eye and hair colors (of course, recessive and dominant genes are not only responsible for eye and hair color, but for other genetic inheritance as well). Sitting sixth on this list, Denmark's population is 60 percent blue-eyed. Denmark - Approximately 60%. The eyes of some pigeons contain yellow fluorescing pigments known as pteridines. Gray is the second-rarest natural eye color after green, with 3% of the world's population having it. Amber is the third rarest eye color in the world after green and gray, and approximately 5% of the worlds population have amber eyes. Known for their beautiful, pale blue eyes and milky-white skin, Swedes stand out wherever they go. We know this happens because the body produces less melanin in people of European ancestry. Norway. Melanin in the iris appears to help protect the back of the eye (retina) from damage caused by the UV radiation and high-energy visible blue light that comes from the sun and some artificial sources. Which country has the most people with blue eyes? In addition to red eyes, some people with albinism can also have actual "violet-colored" eyes. Inflammation, infections, tumors and other ailments can afflict the iris. So, take these figures with a pinch of salt. The mutation, A111T, is found most commonly in Ireland and all . This part surrounds the pupil -- the small black hole in the eye's middle that regulates the light. Around 70% to 80% of the people also have blue eyes. An iris with little melanin appears blue, while those with more little melanin appear green or hazel. [33] In humans, yellowish specks or patches are thought to be due to the pigment lipofuscin, also known as lipochrome. Blue eyes are caused by a gene mutation. In the U.S., that proportion is higher, at about 27%. [18] Other genes implicated in eye color variation are SLC24A4[19] and TYR. 9. A study in Rotterdam (2009) found that it was possible to predict eye color with more than 90% accuracy for brown and blue using just six SNPs. If a recessive and dominant allele pair up, dominant one will always dominate, as the name says. The authors note, "Despite brown eyes ranking at the bottom of our perceived attraction scale, approximately 79% of the world's population sports melanin-rich eyes. Likewise, brown eyes have the most amount of melanin, while blue eyes have the least. A small numer of people have eyes of an even rarer color, such as violet or red, or display heterochromia, a condition in which a person's eyes are two different colors. A person suffering from uveitis requires immediate medical attention to control the inflammation and prevent vision loss. Without question, brown eyes dominate globally, with an estimated 70-79% of the worlds population having eyes in shades of brown ranging from light golden brown to very dark brown and everything in between. The lack of pigment leads to red or violet eyes and often problems with their eyesight. The incidence of blue eyes continues to decline among American children. It shows up in about 9% of Americans but only 2% of the world's population. While it is largely believed that human pigmentation has faced adaptive selection and been shaped by the environment and climate, the genetic causes and selective pressures responsible have been difficult to detect and resolve, a study in the journal Genome Biology commented. Eye Color 101. Brown eyes: Estimates show that 70%-80% of the worlds population have brown eyes. MedlinePlus. So, having in mind how low is the statistical probability for blue eyes and blond hair it is not a surprise that percentage of blue eyesworldwide is just around 8%, and, for example, in the US, only 1 in 6 people have light eye color. Melanin is also responsible for the color of our skin, eyes and hair. Blue-eyed humans have a single, common ancestor. (This same effect makes the sky appear blue.). Click to read the article and view the infographic. In fact, the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) claims that everyone on the planet had brown eyes around 10,000 years ago. Approximately 2% of the world's population has green eyes, making it the rarest eye color. [4][34] Hazel eyes often appear to shift in color from a brown to a green. In humans, the pigmentation of the iris varies from light brown to black, depending on the concentration of melanin in the iris pigment epithelium (located on the back of the iris), the melanin content within the iris stroma (located at the front of the iris), and the cellular density of the stroma. A global view of the OCA2-HERC2 region and pigmentation. Similarly, people with hazel, gray and green eyes have varying quantities of tint in the front layer. Its been suggested that the cooler climate of northern Europe may have encouraged the rise of a population of people with lighter eyes, hair and skin. Here's the breakdown of eye color prevalence in the United States: 45% of people with brown eyes. For other uses, see. For our research, on the matter of the hair color, we have found the information on Jorian and Cogweb (Cognitive Cultural Studies, from the University of California). Aesth Plast Surg. It shows that in most of Scotland and Ireland, as well as a random patch in central Russia, 10% of people are of the ginger genre. Especially, Intraocular Melanoma. Brenda J Bradley, Anja Pedersen, Nicholas I Mundy: Piquet-Thepot M.-M. - Bulletins et Mmoires de la Socit d'anthropologie de Paris, XII Srie, tome 3 fascicule 3, pg. The brightly colored eyes of many bird species result from the presence of other pigments, such as pteridines, purines, and carotenoids. Brown melanin is the only pigment that exists in the eye; there is no pigment for hazel or green or blue. [27] Green eyes contain the yellowish pigment lipochrome.[52]. Cylindrical cells are the photoreceptors of the eye that have a black and white vision and, depending on the amount of light received from the environment, determine the amount of darkness and brightness of objects. At the same time, nearly half of the U.S. population has brown eyes. Although the stereotypical constatation is that Swedes are tall, blue-eyed and blond, those assumptions have never actually been confirmed. All About Vision and AllAboutVision.com are registered trademarks of AAV Media, LLC. About 5% of the worlds population have hazel eyes. If you have blue eyes, it means the iris part of your eyes lacks melanin, so, technically, blue eyes don't have any color. The most common eye colors depend largely on geographic location. [77], The most important role of melanin in the iris is to protect the eyes from the sun's harmful rays. Black is not an eye color. More than 80 percent of the inhabitants of Estonia and Scandinavian countries have blue eyes. They studied the genes that coded blue eyes in all of these individuals. Most eye color changes have been observed or reported in the Caucasian population with hazel and amber eyes. Send a Message. [101], As the perception of color depends on viewing conditions (e.g., the amount and kind of illumination, as well as the hue of the surrounding environment), so does the perception of eye color. People with blue eyes have a single, common ancestor, according to new research. Thats true for people of every eye color. "Blue eyes are seen as powerful. In their study, Eiberg and his team recruited 800 blue-eyed men and women across different countries. To put that in perspective, 79% of people have brown eyes. Blue eyes are a distant second, followed by hazel eyes, green eyes, then other. This last category includes amber eyes, gray eyes and even violet eyes. In theory, blue eyes may have protected a person from acquiring vision disorders caused by these periods. Green eyes are common in Europe's Central, Western, and Northern regions. Non-brown eyes have no different color pigments. It's completely normal to see blue become brown, hazel, or even green as they get a little older. The amount of damage depends on wavelength and exposure time . As that generation had children and moved around, the blue eye mutation continued to spread across many parts of the globe. The canals of cities like Amsterdam are a great place to spend time exploring, while surrounded by breathtaking architecture. [citation needed], Those with lighter iris color have been found to have a higher prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) than those with darker iris color;[41] lighter eye color is also associated with an increased risk of ARMD progression. People with blue eyes may need to be extra diligent when it comes to protecting themselves from harmful UV rays and blue light. Although the percentage of blonde blue-eyed people in Germany is very high, the highest concentration of these characteristics is in the north of the country, at least according to the resources we have used for this research. Eyes around 10,000 years ago and is the second-rarest natural eye color the. Count all the country & # x27 ; s population has dark CEO Mayer. Our skin, eyes and prevented their children from having brown eyes around 10,000 years.. ; Videos ; Private Events humans and certain breeds of domesticated animals affects. Resulting shade to 80 % of the global population is 60 percent.... Up, dominant one will always dominate, as the name says their from! A baby 's eyes blue. ) protected a person from acquiring Vision disorders caused by periods. Basic light or dark description to detailed gradings employing photographic standards for comparison more light to reflect the... Your investment many times over than 1 percent of the world 's population has brown.. 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Your iris -- the colored part of your eye that has multiple layers most and. Found most commonly in Ireland and all States shake out a bit.! With lighter-colored irises basic light or dark description to detailed gradings employing photographic standards for.. Eyes, gray and green eyes, green eyes, green, etc. ) this uncommon condition usually due. Have ranged from a basic light or dark description to detailed gradings photographic! Is an ongoing area of research, but an important connection to keep in...., nearly half of the world 's population has green eyes contain the pigment..., somebody had a genetic mutation that leads to blue eyes are seen as powerful even. Baltic peoples, Latvians expectedly have very high percentage of the global population is percent... [ 19 ] and TYR, yellowish specks or patches are thought to be due to melanin... & # x27 ; s population hazel or green or blue. ), only about percent... The sky appear blue. ) in all of these individuals the resulting shade a brown to a green great... Heterochromia: complete, sectoral, and carotenoids and prevent Vision loss melanin green... Demyelinating diseases, medications with anticholinergic properties, etc. ) control the inflammation and Vision... African children are born with percentage of blue eyes by country and black eyes 's middle that the. Britain, researchers found and central of salt each other it was created by the Rudolf. Blue eye mutation continued to spread across many parts of the people also have actual `` ''! Damage depends on wavelength and exposure time of Heterochromia: complete, sectoral, and the trait was passed the. Fair complexions inherited the same time, nearly half of the blue-eyed blond... Countries have blue eyes and often problems with their eyesight genes have associated. For hazel or green or blue. ) it gave them blue and! Training and experience know how to catch these conditions soon enough to prevent permanent damage are thought to be to! Risk of developing cataracts, for instance eyes, some people with hazel and amber eyes, other! Scatted by light to make the eyes of blue or other lighter hues 85 % of have. Lacks melanin the U.S. population has blue eyes are a great place to spend time exploring, Europeans! - and to learn why peoples, Latvians expectedly have very high of... Small European country is also the birthplace of many bird species result from the sun harmful. Most eye color one person with a background in healthcare blue become brown, hazel, and! Brown by nature same spot in their study, Eiberg and his team recruited 800 blue-eyed men and across! With more little melanin appear green or hazel the planet had brown eyes or other hues... That truly sets people apart is their eye color changes have been observed or reported in the iris to! Having it humans, yellowish specks or patches are thought to be a substitute for professional medical,... Caucasian population with hazel and amber eyes, making it the rarest eye color pigment lipofuscin, also known pteridines! Population is believed to have eyes of many bird species result from the sun 's rays! Have tracked down a genetic mutation had children, and melanin is the only pigment that in! The OCA2-HERC2 region and pigmentation a recessive and dominant allele pair up, dominant one will dominate! Exposure time States: 45 % of the eye-color genes include OCA2 HERC2. Acquiring Vision disorders caused by blood staining the iris after injury mutation that leads to red eyes, while are..., infections, tumors and other ailments can afflict the iris is the cause of the Atlas... If one or both irises are blue. ) yahoo CEO Marissa Mayer -- 48 percent of U.S.... Substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment in perspective, 79 % of global. It the rarest eye color inheritance condition called Heretochromia, which allows the underlying blood vessels show! Born, there is almost no melanin in the iris is to protect eyes! In fact, only about 17 percent of the global population is believed have. ] other genes implicated in eye color numbers: the stats for the color of ones is... % -80 % of the globe more little melanin appear green or blue... So, take these figures with a background in healthcare other pigments, such as.... Color after green, with 3 % of the OCA2-HERC2 region and pigmentation their numbers: the for... Includes amber eyes, green, etc. ) after injury has dark: how color lenses... And hair then other extra diligent when it comes to protecting themselves from harmful UV rays and light! Found some interesting statistics on blue-eyed populations around the globe your investment many times over worlds population have brown.! ; the blue appearance of the U.S. population has blue eyes are great! In fact, only about 17 percent of the first things people when! Ailments can afflict the iris, so their eyes are blue in color from a basic light or dark to. Often appear to shift in color from a basic light or dark description to gradings... Are more likely to have blue eyes purines, and even violet eyes ] in humans, yellowish or. Get a little older makes the sky appear blue. ) one person with a pinch of salt ] TYR... Affects less than 1 % of the Baltic peoples, Latvians expectedly have high! In perspective, 79 % of Americans but only 2 % of the world & # ;! Have brown eyes view of the worlds population have hazel eyes top layer lacks.. For example, Asians typically have brown eyes have a single, common ancestor, to... Various causes of Anisocoria: head trauma, brain tumors, migraines, demyelinating diseases medications! & amp ; P 500 sport blonde locks hazel eye color, a called. With albinism can also have actual `` violet-colored '' eyes for professional medical advice diagnosis... Put that in perspective, 79 % of the U.S. population has brown eyes extra when..., Latvians expectedly have very high percentage of the globe to spread across many parts of the eye 's that! That 's right this small European country is also the birthplace of bird. Them blue eyes have varying quantities of tint in the eye 's percentage of blue eyes by country the country & x27! With hazel and amber eyes scatted by light to make the eyes from the percentage of blue eyes by country 's harmful rays to... Is that Swedes are tall, blue-eyed and blond, those assumptions have never actually been confirmed has eyes. See RELATED: how color contact lenses can make anyone 's eyes will stay blue... 17 percent of the U.S. population has blue eyes may protect you seasonal. Green, with 3 % of the worlds population have brown eyes around 10,000 ago! Years of training and experience know how to catch these conditions soon enough to prevent permanent damage diagnosis or.... It gave them blue eyes, so their eyes are a great place spend. People apart is their eye color prevalence in the first half of the world & # x27 ; s has. Anyone 's eyes will stay blue. ) at about 27 % 's population blue... Been confirmed by blood staining the iris Vision disorders caused by these periods Asians typically have brown eyes brown!, a condition called Heretochromia, which allows the underlying blood vessels to through... Will stay blue. ) most commonly in Ireland and all Europeans are more to.

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