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A pathogenic role for M. pachydermatis recovered from sources other than blood or catheters was not established. This diagnostic dilemma results in under- or over-treatment of patients, potentially contributing to poor outcomes and antifungal resistance. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) production by BAM from BALB/c was significantly less than that from CD-1 in response to co-culture with Bd. Most of these clinical isolates are able to grow at 42 degrees, a temperature that completely inhibits the growth of most other S. cerevisiae strains. He believes that we must harness the human mind, especially working in focused groups, as the greatest resource available in the development of businesses and projects. The largest therapeutic experience is with amphotericin B deoxycholate, which should be given at maximum tolerated doses (e.g., 1-1.5 mg/kg/d) and should be continued, despite modest increases in serum creatinine levels (BIII). Inactive caspofungin alone demonstrated no significant inhibition of hyphal growth, whereas the addition of 5% human serum to the inactive drug showed 83% +/- 16.5% inhibition (n = 5; P < 0. With exception of CBA/J, which showed modest resistance, all inbred strains were similarly susceptible, including DBA/2, AKR/J, C3H/HeN, A/J and C57BL/6. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.00933-12, View details for Web of Science ID 000308807900041. Computer Officer Prof Thilo Rehren. View details for Web of Science ID 000171998800004. What I See talks motherhood with Professor Alice Roberts. View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500051919, View details for Web of Science ID 000230896300018. One hundred sixty patients were entered in two multicenter protocols to receive 400 to 2,000 mg of ketoconazole once daily for nonmeningeal or meningeal coccidiodomycosis. The effect of trypanosomiasis on human cardiac stem cells is also being explored (in collaboration with Cardiovascular Medicine at Stanford).Current efforts concern study of a model of respiratory tree aspergillosis, to understand the predilection of lung transplant patients to invasive disease (in collaboration with the Div. She worked as Senior Teaching Fellow at the University of Bristol Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, where her main roles were teaching clinical anatomy, embryology, and physical anthropology, as well as researching osteoarchaeology and paleopathology. Oral therapy with cyclodextrin (control) or itraconazole or fluconazole at 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg of body weight twice daily (BID) was given for 12 days, from day 3 of infection. Ninety-three adult patients were studied, 48 of these received > or = 6 months therapy and 20 received > or = 1 year. We examined a large isolate collection (n = 117) for the presence of cryptic A. terreus species and employed a genome scanning method, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) PCR to determine A. terreus population structure.Comparative sequence analyses of the calmodulin locus revealed the presence of the recently recognized species A. alabamensis (n = 4) in this collection. Fluconazole at 25 mg/kg cured no infection in any tissue, whereas 25 mg of ravuconazole/kg cleared infection in all tissues from 50% of mice. The fungal genes responsive to estrogen action are under study. Headache, hair loss and anorexia were the most common symptoms experienced (each by 3% of patients), and eosinophilia and aspartate aminotransferase increases were the most common laboratory findings (12 and 10%, respectively). PCR has the potential to facilitate early diagnosis of CNS aspergillosis, which could assist in reducing disease mortality. ; 0.8 mg/kg) once daily. By day 8, all mice were culture positive (5.0 log(10) cfu in brain tissue and 4.1 log(10) cfu in spinal cord tissue); CSF samples contained 4833 leukocytes/mm(3) and 3425 cfu/mL. Initial attempts at environmental isolation as primary cultures, including a 4% salt agar plate, or initial incubation in 6.5% salt broth enrichment culture with subculture to agar, to exploit the halophilicity of Halomonas, were successful in demonstrating the colonies seen in the blood cultures, only from sites not contaminated with other organisms, because of competing growth. Infection control did: Utility of dogs in health care settings and infection control aspects. Abelcet at 4 or 8 mg/kg were equivalent to AmB in reducing cfu from both organs (P > 0.05); AmB was superior to 0.8 mg/kg of Abelcet in the brain only (P < 0.02). Monoclonal antibodies against the cryptococcal capsule have been shown to act as an adjunct in enhancing the outcome of cryptococcosis in animal models. For archaeology, being a science, is neither good nor bad, but a fact simply. Clemons, K. V., Miller, T. K., Selitrennikoff, C. P., Stevens, D. A. Sequencing of approximately 1500 bases of the 16S rRNA gene in both organisms in 3 reference laboratories confirmed, searching against 3 databases, that the organisms were identical and were Halomonas species. In no instance were the KO mice more susceptible than WT. There is an important need for generation of consensus definitions of outcomes of IFD that will form a standard for evaluating treatment success and failure in clinical trials. 1891. View details for DOI 10.3109/13693786.2011.577822, View details for Web of Science ID 000295893300006. At day 15, survivors were euthanatized. Average SD bioavailability after a single oral dose was 60.7% 16.5. No overt signs of toxicity were observed during any of the studies regardless of administration route, and no histologic lesions/changes were attributed to VRC treatment. [1], Stevens lived in Reading until his death on 7 April 1899. > present (Member of the Visitors Board of Oxford University Museum of Natural History), [????] There have been several reports that the activity of echinocandin antifungal agents is not affected or decreased in the presence of human sera. These results demonstrate the power of this typing tool in clarifying epidemiologic associations. Motherhood has completely changed the way I see my own extended family, my partner (because it was amazing to see him in his new role too), as well as giving me a different perspective on life and death. Here we examined the course of infection in male and female mice in relation to their hormonal status. of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Medical School: David A. Stevens, M.D. While traditionally antifungal therapy was limited to the use of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and a handful of clinically available azole agents, current pharmacologic treatment options include potent new azole compounds with extended antifungal activity, lipid forms of amphotericin B, and newer antifungal drugs, including the echinocandins. In experimental pulmonary blastomycosis, susceptibility varied in mouse strains. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in culture supernatants. The infections most intensively investigated, with respect to pathogenesis or therapy, are pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis, though disseminated coccidioidomycosis is also of major interest. In May 2007, 2 patients developed, days apart, bacteremia with an apparently identical nonfermentative Gram-negative rod. Eighteen animal model reports demonstrated synergy (in 14% of reports), additivity (in 20%), indifference (in 51%), and antagonism (in 14%). Plasma samples were collected for ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) or bioassay analysis. View 2 David L Stevens ER 2002-03 Bideford, Devon, EX39. Our People Contact Us Leadership ASM's Principals, Directors, Archaeologists, Architectural Historians, and other technical staff have decades of professional and educational experience in cultural and heritage resources management. One isolate, 95-68, showed paradoxical growth in vivo with significantly higher CFU recovered from mice given CAS at 20 mg/kg than those given CAS at 5 mg/kg, but the effect was not reproducible in a subsequent experiment. Safety, tolerance, and efficacy of posaconazole therapy in patients with nonmeningeal disseminated or chronic pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. View details for Web of Science ID 000167613000005 In the first study, mice were infected intracerebrally with 2.1 x 10(6) conidia/mouse of Aspergillus fumigatus; 10 days of once daily therapy began one day later. At the same time, the introduction of new treatment modalities has significantly broadened options available to physicians who treat these conditions. > present (Science columnist for The Observer newspaper) and 2018 > present (president of Humanists UK) and 2011 > present (patron of Humanists UK) and 2012 > present (Chair of the Birmingham universitys Public Engagement with Science Committee) and [????] Because of possible development of resistance in patient isolates resulting from residence in the abnormal milieu of CF patient airways, or from exposure to antifungals, and considering the possibility of patient-to-patient spread of microbes and reports of elevated resistance to other fungal pathogens, it was important to assay the susceptibility of isolates of Candida and compare that profile to isolates from the community. View details for DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.012401-0, View details for Web of Science ID 000271440200011. Alice Roberts and David Stevens have been married for 22 years. View details for DOI 10.1016/j.cyto.2006.08.004, View details for Web of Science ID 000243154800001. > present (Member of the Advisory Board of the Cheltenham Festival of Science) and [????] Paradoxical growth of some Candida albicans isolates in the presence of caspofungin (CAS) in vitro has been demonstrated previously. It focuses on the most clinically important diseases affecting humans and cites various examples of the different types of studies that have been performed. Studies were done to develop a murine model that mimics the pattern of mucosal candidiasis followed by disseminated disease seen in patients given cytotoxic chemotherapy. View details for Web of Science ID 000229680600005. Monocytes alone inhibited hyphal growth by only 5%. Expansion of this study to include other competitors revealed that R5020 (a synthetic progestin), androstenedione, and dehydroepiandosterone possessed relative binding affinities which were 20, 11, and 9% of that of progesterone, respectively. All relationship and family history information shown on FameChain has been compiled from data in the public domain. Although higher doses could be given, no lipid-based formulation showed consistent superiority over Fungizone or over each other. Amphotericin B plus 5-fluorocytosine was the most commonly used (49% of cases), followed by amphotericin B plus itraconazole (16%) or plus rifampin (11%). Dissemination to livers occurred and was 100% on days 5 to 15; fewer animals had kidney infection. Genetic susceptibility to vaginal candidiasis. We have also found the cell wall glycans alone, mannan or glucan, as a vaccine each provide significant protection. Stevens, D. A., Kullberg, B. J., Brummer, E., Casadevall, A., Netea, M. G., Sugar, A. M. Cryptococcal meningitis in the immunocompromised host: intracranial hypertension and other complications. trivia, The drug from ITZ-A and ITZ-B suspensions was absorbed after oral administration. This suggested a hormonal interaction between female hormones and the etiologic dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. This review addresses a variety of uses for animal models in medical mycology. Global population structure of Aspergillus terreus inferred by ISSR typing reveals geographical subclustering. [2] Prior to his death, Stevens had also been a local member of council for Berkshire and Hampshire, Honorary Curator of both Reading Museum and Andover Museum, and an established author. There is increased interest in intermittent regimen of liposomal amphotericin B, which may facilitate use in ambulatory settings. [1] He has been heralded by past curator of natural history at Reading Museum, David Norton, for his approach towards curating, citing that he can be perceived as a "pioneer in seeing museums not as cabinets of curiosities but as places of education and particularly of their localities" after discussing how Stevens refused a chipped off stone fragment from Stonehenge out of concern that it would promote further destruction. In 2008 I was at sea on a project to examine the mixing near Kerguelen. Sherry L Robinson Other occupants: Sherry L Robinson View 3 David Stevens Director Godalming, Surrey, GU8. Extraordinary results are gained in such a short period of time., Tony Roberts, Managing Director, South Pacific Corporate Limited, Dr Stevens has acted as a facilitator in a number of situations where the relationships between the various parties were difficult and complex. In a second, open-label part of the trial, all the patients received 200 mg of itraconazole per day for 16 weeks.There were responses in 13 of 28 patients in the itraconazole group (46 percent), as compared with 5 of 27 patients in the placebo group (19 percent, P=0.04). View details for Web of Science ID 000088830900054, Aspergillosis comprises a variety of manifestations of infection. Cells were unstimulated or stimulated with conidia and simultaneously treated with DEX, GM-CSF, or DEX plus GM-CSF, for 2-4 hours. This feasibility study suggests that a short intermittent high-dose course of 10/5/5 mg LAB kg(-1) on days 1, 3 and 6 may be as safe and effective as a standard 14 day course of 3 mg kg(-1) per day, with drug-acquisition cost savings and reduced drug exposure. View details for DOI 10.1099/jmm.0.033290-0, View details for Web of Science ID 000295860400002. Mortality from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis approaches 80% with few useful therapeutic options available. After administration of two ITZ controlled-release formulations, plasma and tissue concentrations of ITZ and OH-ITZ were either very low (< or = 52 ng/mL) or undetectable. No survivors were cured in both kidneys and brain, but each formulation showed efficacy, especially in the kidneys. The pharmacokinetics were estimated by using a population methodology. In addition, we will address the potential of immunotherapy in combination with conventional therapy.The data derived from animal model studies of antifungal drug efficacy have proven to be predictive of clinical utility. Atkins, PLC, (U.K.). Overall, these models have been critical to the advancement of therapy, and our current understanding of pathogenesis and host-resistance. Understanding how the marketplace of religious ideas works. Winzeler, E. A., Richards, D. R., Conway, A. R., Goldstein, A. L., Kalman, S., McCullough, M. J., McCusker, J. H., Stevens, D. A., Wodicka, L., Lockhart, D. J., Davis, R. W. Stevens, D. A., Walsh, T. J., Bistoni, F., Cenci, E., Clemons, K. V., Del Sero, G., d'Ostiani, C. F., Kullberg, B. J., Mencacci, A., Roilides, E., Romani, L. Intergenic transcribed spacer PCR ribotyping for differentiation of Saccharomyces species and interspecific hybrids. Immune responses induced by heat killed Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A vaccine against fungal infection. Alice Roberts is a member of the following lists: 1973 births, 20th-century English people and 21st-century English people. Little is known about the immune response induced by HKY vaccination, consequently our goal was to do an analysis of HKY-induced immune responses involved in protection. Epidemiological studies indicate a striking rarity of disease (but not infection) in females, but only during the reproductive years. Mouse serum and heat-inactivated mouse serum inhibited TNF-alpha production 94% when macrophages were stimulated by B. dermatitidis, whereas mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) did not have this effect. Inconsistent data were obtained for nonimmunosuppressed CD-1, C57BL/6, and DBA/2N mice after infection by midline intracranial injection of Aspergillus fumigatus. We have learned the protective moiety is in the cell wall, and proteins, glucan and lipid all seem important. Male New Zealand White rabbits were infected by intracisternal inoculation of arthroconidia of Coccidioides immitis. Further pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic preclinical and clinical studies are required to identify safe and effective intermittent regimens. Alicia Stevens. However, no single model can answer all questions and different animal species or different routes of infection can show somewhat different results. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.49.12.4867-4875.2005, View details for Web of Science ID 000233692100006, View details for Web of Science ID 000232356300006. An exposure-response relationship was suggested by pharmacokinetic analyses.Although the study predates extensive use of echinocandins and voriconazole, these findings demonstrate that posaconazole is an alternative to salvage therapy for patients with invasive aspergillosis who are refractory to or intolerant of previous antifungal therapy. View details for Web of Science ID A1991FM82600006, View details for Web of Science ID A1990DU08100013. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of the innate proinflammatory immune response of PM to B. dermatitidis is mediated by serum MBL binding to B. dermatitidis at 1,3-beta-glucan sites or sterically masking 1,3-beta-glucan sites, thus preventing 1,3-beta-glucan stimulation of PM for TNF-alpha production. Randomized trials are lacking. Clemons, K. V., Steinbach, W. J., Denning, D. W., Stevens, D. A. Efficacy of posaconazole in a murine model of central nervous system aspergillosis. Little is known about the effect of surfactant-associated proteins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the interaction of BAM and Blastomyces dermatitidis. In basilar arteries of infected animals versus controls, mRNAs encoding for IL-6, iNOS, IFN-gamma, IL-2, MCP-1, IL-1beta, IL-10, TNF-alpha, CCR-1, MMP-9, TGF-beta, as well as MMP-9 protein in CSF, were found to be significantly up-regulated. I also had very supportive friends and family there was no question of breastfeeding being considered an odd choice. Steinbach, W. J., Stevens, D. A., Denning, D. W. Invasive aspergillosis in the setting of cardiac transplantation. In view of the changing treatment of pulmonary fungal infections, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group of experts in fungal infections to develop a concise clinical statement of current therapeutic options for those fungal infections of particular relevance to pulmonary and critical care practice. After direct application, 3M-003 (1-80 microg mL(-1)) enhanced (P<0.05-0.01) macrophage killing, comparable to killing by interferon-gamma-activated macrophages. Liu, M., Clemons, K. V., Bigos, M., Medovarska, I., Brummer, E., Stevens, D. A. Aspergillus Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Immunocompetent Hosts: Role of Triazole Antifungal Therapy, Aspergillosis in the 'Nonimmunocompromised' Host, An Official American Thoracic Society Statement: Treatment of Fungal Infections in Adult Pulmonary and Critical Care Patients. Limited analysis of the ERG11 gene sequence identified several point mutations in resistant isolates; these mutations have been described previously. The cellular DNA of each of 49 clinical and 11 nonclinical isolates of Saccharomyces was digested with the endonuclease EcoRI, and the resultant fragments were separated by electrophoresis. Infections are rarely reported. 1,398 Followers, 664 Following, 206 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from DAVID STEVENS | Photographer (@davidstevens.photo) > present (Member of the Longitude Prize Committee), [????] AMB alone and MICA + AMB or MICA +NIK significantly prolonged survival (P < 0.05 - 0.02) over that of the controls. Virulence of isolates was associated with membership in group A (P = 0.03). Growth occurs by hyphal tip extension, in which the hypha elongates and a septum is formed behind the tip to divide it in to a separate compartment. Levels of MMP-9 within CSF were assayed by use of zymography and compared with MMP-2 levels, which served as an internal control. Overall, these data indicate that intravenously administered AmBi is superior to oral FLC or intravenous AMB and that FLC is better than AMB against experimental coccidioidal meningitis. In vitro studies and some animal studies almost always indicate an absence of antagonism when caspofungin is combined with azole or polyene antifungal agents. Genes with low expression after 4 or 12 h exposure to E(2) belonged to pathways involved in heat shock response (hsp90 and hsp70), energy metabolism, and several retrotransposable elements. View 4 David Stevens Age Guide: 40-44 Director London, London, SW16. Overall, these studies indicate that a nonlethal model of oral and gastrointestinal mucosal candidiasis with dissemination can be established in mice. The brain fungal burden was determined by quantitative culture, and fungal DNA was detected by quantitative PCR. Here we compare the virulence of a fos-1 deletion strain with that of the parental wild-type strain in a murine model of systemic aspergillosis. Infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia (C) or mycelial (M) fragments, which subsequently differentiate into yeast (Y). View details for DOI 10.1080/13693780500220498, View details for Web of Science ID 000235382600007. Histologic examination of samples of brain tissue showed focal abscesses containing Aspergillus hyphae. I am especially interested in how material culture and urban space can shed light on the lives of the non-elite in ancient Egypt. BAM from CD-1 mice were stimulated with B. dermatitidis without or with normal BALF, surfactant protein A-deficient (SP-A-/-) or surfactant protein D-deficient (SP-D-/-) BALF, or a mixture of SP-A-/- and SP-D-/- BALF. Overall, petites were significantly less virulent than the parental strains. View details for DOI 10.1128/IAI.01185-07, View details for Web of Science ID 000253563500016, View details for Web of Science ID 000252221200001. Self - Archaeologist: Tyne and Wear Museums 1 episode, 2005 Colin Phillips . Do you find it difficult to juggle motherhood with your media career? Kim, K. K., Lee, K. C., Jeong, H., Stevens, D. A., Lee, J. These results further support a role for 17beta-estradiol during early innate resistance of females to paracoccidioidomycosis. The rate of defervescence was similar for each regimen (P=0.75). In this study we have profiled transcript expression to understand the molecular mechanism of how E(2) inhibits M-to-Y transition.We assessed temporal gene expression in strain Pb01 in the presence or absence of E(2) at various time points through 9 days of the M-to-Y transition using an 11,000 element random-shear genomic DNA microarray and verified the results using quantitative real time-PCR. In a screen of drugs previously tested in humans we identified itraconazole, a systemic antifungal, as a potent antagonist of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that acts by a mechanism distinct from its inhibitory effect on fungal sterol biosynthesis. Join Facebook to connect with Dave Stevens and others you may know. Perfect, J. R., Cox, G. M., Lee, J. Y., Kauffman, C. A., de Repentigny, L., Chapman, S. W., Morrison, V. A., Pappas, P., Hiemenz, J. W., Stevens, D. A. Recovery from the kidneys showed non-significant reduction of cfu by combinations compared with monotherapies.Each of the drugs tested had significant efficacy against CNS aspergillosis and Abelcet in combination with voriconazole had enhanced efficacy. of Washington). After a long period of relative inactivity in the introduction of new antifungals, more recently a few new drugs of already existing classes have been introduced. by Jessica Gingrich January 6, 2021 Hundreds of beer cans are displayed in Maxwell's. Genes related to ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, and oxidative stress response genes were up-regulated by E(2).This study characterizes the effect of E(2) at the molecular level on the inhibition of the M-to-Y transition and is indicative that the inhibitory actions of E(2) may be working through signaling genes that regulate dimorphism. S. cerevisiae will be a useful model for the evolution and genetic analysis of fungal virulence and the study of polygenic traits. Hepatotoxicity may contribute to high-dose Abelcet and AmBisome failures. Capilla, J., Maffei, C. M., Clemons, K. V., Sobel, R. A., Stevens, D. A. Stevens, D. A., Brummer, E., Clemons, K. V. Escape of Candida from caspofungin inhibition at concentrations above the MIC (Paradoxical effect) accomplished by increased cell wall chitin; Evidence for beta-1,6-glucan synthesis inhibition by caspofungin. Gene disruptions of the MTL loci were found to have no effect on azole susceptibility. Phylogenetic species were genetically distinct with interspecific divergence 4-fold greater than intraspecific divergence and a high Fst value (0.772, P<0.001) indicative of restricted gene flow between PS1 and PS2. It is believed to be correct at the time of inputting and is presented here in good faith. Self - Gunsmith 1 . Little is known about the effects of serum factors or MBL on the interaction of Blastomyces dermatitidis, a pulmonary fungal pathogen, with macrophages or on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production. In a patient with refractory disease, continuous infusion amphotericin B therapy was given via a programmable implanted pump into the cisternal subarachnoid space. Overall, itraconazole was more efficacious on an mg/kg basis; at high doses they were similarly effective. In our center, and unlike another fungal pathogen, no increase in resistance of Candida isolates of the CF cohort was found. Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) have become major causes of morbidity and mortality among highly immunocompromised patients. Neither method indicated drug efficacy in the brain. View details for DOI 10.1128/AAC.46.3.922-924.2002, View details for Web of Science ID 000173908900052. Born December 22, 1940 Died July 17, 2018 (77) Add or change photo on IMDbPro Add to list Nominated for 1 Oscar In a pilot reconstitution experiment in pulmonary blastomycosis, treatment of infected young mice with IFN-gamma (18.5 x 10(3) U, s.c.) on days 0, 1, and 2 significantly increased survival. 1 episode, 2005 Colin Phillips, GU8 of the ERG11 gene sequence identified several point in! Answer all questions and different animal species or different routes of infection can show somewhat different results DBA/2N after... Fluid ( BALF ) on the most clinically important diseases affecting humans and cites various examples of the non-elite ancient... The cell wall, and proteins, glucan and lipid all seem important found. Response to co-culture with Bd will be a useful model for the evolution genetic. 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Intracranial injection of Aspergillus terreus inferred by ISSR typing reveals geographical subclustering the interaction of BAM and Blastomyces....
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