Sep 20, 2017 Colin Fraser, Guest Author Colonel Charles White Whittlesey earned his fame when he was a major in World War I with the American Expeditionary Force. The hill was now in their control; however, it was too quiet for Whittlesey. As we commemorate the 100-year anniversary of World War I, lets take a look at the heroic actions of a particular group of American forces during the Great War: the courageous soldiers of the Lost Battalion and their actions during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in late 1918. as one of the reasons that this group survived in the Argonne. Hold their position Why are they known as the "lost battalion"? Omer Richards, a French Canadian private from upstate New York who was the caretaker of the First Battalions pigeons, had carried a cage with eight birds during the advance through the enemy line. October 2nd, 1918. In October 1918, 600 men of the 77th Division attacked a heavily defended German position, charging forward until they were completely surrounded by enemy forces. A U.S. major (Rick Schroder) leads his men against the odds when they become trapped behind enemy lines in World War I. After Whittleseys small force had been trapped, Pershing had rushed the experienced veterans of the First Infantry Division, The Big Red One, into action in the Aire River valley on the east side of the forest. The men dug in on Hill 198 and created what is known as "the pocket" in what was a fairly good defensive position. "[5] was a common expression heard among the new recruits of Camp Upton. [12] Whittlesey released his final carrier pigeon, named Cher Ami, to call off the barrage. On October 4 they received artillery support but it landed on them for several hours. He believes this can help end the war What happens after the bombing begins? "We both lost our . Holderman found that Hill 198, almost deserted when Whittlesey had taken it the day before, had not only been reoccupied and heavily armed with machine guns by the Germans during the night, it was also surrounded by new barbed wire. "[1], While Whittlesey and his men tenaciously defended their position, their parent 154th Brigade and the entire 77th Division launched a ferocious series of attacks to get to them. Two other men who had gone off with Krotoshinsky came back reporting that they had been spotted and pinned down by enemy machine gun fire. The term "whistleblower" is one of many . Troops occupying ground must be supported against counterattack and all gains held. He sent a stern order that Saturday morning to General Alexander at the Seventy-seventh Division that said, I direct that a vigorous effort be made this afternoon to relieve the companies on the left of the Seventy-seventh Division that are cut off.. For almost a week they suffered heavy casualties and multiple counterattacks. There they scored a major break-through in the German line of defense. Grab some boots and a Rifle, the 308th Battalion is about to attack the Argonne Forest. The next battle line, which was about 1 mile (2km) in depth, had turned back all Allied attacks over the last four years. 7. The following is an excerpt from an article from The National Museum of American History, Behring Center and is by Frank Blazich, July 15, 2021: While legend has it that the major shouted to the German forces to Go to Hell, both the after-action report and Major Whittlesey himself stated that he did not reply at all, instead treating the surrender request with the silent contempt it deserved. He was serving as a civilian member then. Much to his unease, two other companies, one of his and one from McMurtrys battalion, had to be placed on the left slope of the ravine, far from their commanders. It is nearly impossible to find an account of the soldiers that does not recount the dramatic rescue in detail and it is a major feature in the storyline of the films Go For Broke! Whistleblower protection Many whistleblowers have lost their jobs and careers because of speaking out. Charles Whittlesey, an east coast lawyer, was assigned as a battalion commander in the 77th upon completion of his officer's training. He realized that he could hear nothing of the 307th that was supposed to be on their flank. Whittlesey left his command post hole to walk around in the open, trying to put on a show of calm. Against the advice of his senior officers, the battalion was committed to an engagement by Maj. General John E. Dahlquist. At around this same moment the French experienced a massive counterattack by the Germans and were forced to fall back, exposing the left flank of the 308th. Over the years, the Germans had pre-sighted every square inch of the area in case of a hostile takeover. Lost Battalion (Europe, World War II) 1 language Read Edit View history " The Lost Battalion " refers to the 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry ( 36th Infantry Division, originally Texas National Guard ), which was surrounded by German forces in the Vosges Mountains on 24 October 1944. Movie Info. It was unusual for a battalion commander to be in front of advancing infantry troops, but Whittlesey wanted to make sure that his forward squads were heading in the right direction and keeping in contact with each other in the confusing tangle of trees and foliage. The General talks about acceptable losses, what does that mean and why does Major Whittlesey have a problem with the Generals answer? We envy you., Whittlesey and McMurtry read the note and showed it to Holderman. Whoever gives such a command is a traitor and it is the duty of any officer or man who is loyal to his country and who hears such an order given to shoot the offender upon the spot. Food was scarce and water was available only by crawling, under fire, to a nearby stream. What US city did most of the soldiers in the battalion come from? But many of its original troops from Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx had recently been replaced by draftees from the Middle West who had had little or no basic training. As Major Whittleseyand his men had been creeping forward and cutting through the German forces, the Allied soldiers on either side of them had not as successful. The General comes at the end of the engagement, how does Whittlesey handle it? So during the night the Germans rushed all available forces from all of their armies in the Argonne to the sector occupied by Whittlesey, to be ready to meet a big offensive the next day. He died a few months after my mother was born. portalId: 20973928, Another attack came a little after 17:00, and it lasted for about 45 minutes. 4. Our artillery is dropping a barrage directly on us. "[11] At this time, Captain Holderman, an officer working with Whittlesey, realized the predicament that the men were in. 1917 November 11th. See more. Two weeks later, Whittlesey booked passage on a boat to Havana, and committed suicide the first night out by throwing himself overboard. 2. These attributes acquired on the streets are seen by some historians[who?] Raymond Blackburn, Pvt. They were trapped by an enemy patrol. Contact Information For Whistleblowers. With Ricky Schroder, Phil McKee, Jamie Harris, Jay Rodan. He asked Holderman, a cheerful and willing Californian, to take his company and some scouts who knew the terrain back toward Hill 198 to clear out the enemy machine gun positions he suspected were being set up, and thus re-establish his line of runner posts to regimental headquarters. The plan was to have the first battalion lead the assault, led personally by Whittlesey. This can be referred to as "blowing the whistle", "making a disclosure", "making a whistleblowing report", or otherwise. As per DNA analysis by the Smithsonian Institution, Cher Ami was a Male. What are an employer's 39 terms. 6. Only two days before, in the same area, German infiltrators had slipped around behind Whittleseys left and had surrounded two of his companies for several hours. Whittlesey wrote a message and handed it to Richards: We are along the road parallel 276.4. By midday, M18 Hellcat self-propelled guns in the rear skillfully hit pinpoint targets all around the encircled . Richards shinnied up the trunk of the tree and shook the branch where the bird was sitting. Whittlesey, Charles W. and George G. McMurtry. My grandfather was a survivor of the Lost Battalion. Thomas M. Johnson, Fletcher Pratt, Edward M. Coffman (Introduction) For a generation the Lost Battalion exemplified the best of America's involvement in World War I. When Stacy passed the order on to Whittlesey, the major saluted and said, All right. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (p343)[clarification needed] The Germans also sent an elite battalion of "Storm Troopers" reinforced with flamethrowers to aid the German Infantry attacking Whittlesey. Far from their land, as they made their stand. Bandages were being taken off of the dead and reused on the wounded. Field kitchens that were supposed to serve a hot breakfast to the 308th Battalion never appeared, and the shivering riflemen chewed hardtack and canned corned beef while they listened to the half-hour artillery barrage that was supposed to clear the route of their advance. Along with his other worries, Whittlesey was particularly annoyed by the stipulation in Pershings attack order that his battalion had to keep going forward even if its flanks were left exposed to the Germans. McMurtry, a husky and cheerful New Yorker who later made a million dollars in the stock market, had served with Theodore Roosevelts Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War battle of San Juan Hill. He was a stern and upright New England Yankee from Pittsfield, Massachusetts, a graduate of Williams College, a tall, slim man who wore glasses and looked rather like President Woodrow Wilson. On the evening of 2 October 1918, Major Charles W. Whittlesey led nearly 700 men under his command into the narrow, muddy, Charlevaux Ravine, deep in the heart of the Argonne Forest of Northeastern France. My Grand uncle was Frederick Staats. Whittleseys dwindling survivors in the isolated pocket endured the most frightening ordeal of the week the next day, Sunday, October 6, when Germans carrying flame throwers advanced into their lines of defense. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The pigeon flew in a circle or two, them calmly came to rest on a branch of a nearby tree. The more time that passed without any messages the more Whittlesey was coming to the conclusion that they were actually surrounded. Copies of most of the monthly rosters from 1912-43 and 1947-59 for Army units (including Army Air Corps) are in the custody of the National Archives in St. Louis, MO. James W. Bragg, Pvt. A few minutes later a barrage of artillery fire exploded behind the pocket to the southeast. After many losses and much hand-to-hand combat, the German forces were driven back once again. Additional Notes Shout out to Tomato for his World War 1 Resource Pack! What adaptations did the troops make for fighting in the trenches? Fathers nameAbraham Hemsey. Shall I get him for you?, By no means, said the general. Us history ww1 roaring 20s. Read more >>, The magazine was forced to suspend print publication in 2013, but a group of volunteers saved the archives and relaunched it in digital form in 2017. Whittlesey came home tense and uncomfortable as an acclaimed war hero, besieged by invitations to civic and charitable banquets that he found almost as strenuous as the Argonne siege. When Holderman tried to advance on the hill, his men were hit by machine gun fire on their flanks and sniper fire from the woods behind them. His name was Harry Schaffer. The burly George McMurtry crawled from one company to another, whispering the words of encouragement that he repeated over and over again that week, Everything is practically okay. He pleaded with one soldier, who had been shot through his stomach, to be silent. The Prince of Wales? And another added, I thought the Limeys were on our side!, Whittleseys plight was now well known not only in Pershings First Army Headquarters but all over the United States. Machine guns were placed on both flanks, and teams equipped with Chauchat guns, a light French version of the Browning Automatic Rifle, dug in around the perimeter of the position. Answers will vary. Down at the foot of the hill, sir, said Baldwin, pointing toward where the major was personally passing out food to his men. (1951) and Only the Brave (2006). Possible answers: how nice the German "rest" camp was just below where the Lost Batallion was located, the marker on the side of the road pointing . Shortly after daybreak, when the ambulances were arriving, Corporal Baldwin, the message clerk, saw an officer with two stars on his cap walking along the old Roman road toward the pocket, swinging a malacca cane. Answers will vary. This road was crucial because it allowed for the movement of supplies to the Allied soldiers. The Germans had made up a panel like theirs and our men had calmly dropped off the nice food to the Germans who undoubtedly ate it with great thanksgiving. A&E made a 2001 film about the event, The Lost Battalion.[16]. Any information on this? Great article by Mr. Anderson-Lind. This battle line, which consisted of wired trenches that were firmly held, was referred to by the Germans as "Hagen Stellung" ("Hagen position"). 11. The roll call of troops shows Lieutenant Lee having a problem with the names on the roll, what phenomenon in American history does this refer to? The regimental commander, Colonel Cromwell Stacy, tended to agree with Whittleseys argument that his battalion was too weak in numbers and too exhausted to renew the attack the next day. In the first 4 days of these attacks, the rest of the 308th infantry alone lost 766 men.[14]. The tragic military foul-up resulted in over 60 percent casualties for the 2d Battalion, 12th Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division, when the soldiers were surrounded by the enemy and began running out of ammunition. Earlier in the morning, patrols had found Germans on the left flank of the pocket, where the French were supposed to be advancing, and there were more Germans on the right. He was killed in action on 12 October 1918 in the Argonne Wood, Ardennes, France. Possible answers include: on great battlefields a spirit and memory remain; people come to remember and commemorate acts of valor on the battlefields; people come to thank the fallen soldiers for their sacrifice. Citing the cries of the American wounded, the German officer attempted to appeal to Major Whittleseys humanitarian side. The officers, assuming that the barrage would soon move on to the German lines, tried to quiet their panic-stricken men. Advertisement oooredo Whittlesey was not a field officer who could accept what seemed to him a dangerously illogical combat order without complaint. He was a sergeant in B Company of the 308th Infantry and a member of that Lost Battalion, a group of 554 American soldiers trapped behind enemy lines during the massive Meuse-Argonne. Sometime during the night of November 26, 1921, three years after his actions that earned him the Medal of Honor, Charles W. Whittlesey jumped into the sea between the U.S. and Cuba. Lyrics. Thus its nickname stuck in the public psyche as well as in history. There they were to dig in, establish liaison with the French troops on their left and another brigade of their own Seventy-seventh Division on the right, and await further orders. The wartime records of the U.S. Armys Signal Corps recorded Cher Ami as a hen, or she. For a century the Smithsonian, however, has always labeled Cher Ami as a cock bird, or he. Through modern DNA analysis, the century-old mystery of the famed pigeons sex has recently been determined by a team of curators and scientists. Expert Help. 21 terms. A veteran news correspondent recalls his days as a spotter plane pilot. At last, Cher Ami fluttered his wings and flew away through a storm of German rifle fire and a shower of shrapnel from the distant American guns. This created easy targets for mortars and snipers. It pains like hell, Captain, the man said, but Ill keep as quiet as I can. He died a half hour later without uttering another sound. We could only find his helmet and his pistol, Manson said later. The Germans also spread barbed wire for hundreds of miles. Required fields are marked *. His remains were shipped back to the states, he is interred in the Spry Utah cemetery. SammIAmm. If you believe you have been subject to retaliation for protected whistleblowing you may contact either of the following offices: The Consumer Product Safety Commission Office of Inspector General: Telephone: (301) 504-7906 or 866-230-6229. McMurtry took a pad of message paper from his pocket, wrote on it, and showed the message to Whittlesey, who nodded. Whittlesey and Richards shouted at Cher Ami, clapped their hands, and waved their helmets. Communications were also a problem, and at times they would be bombarded by shells from their own artillery. The actions of these brave men helped defeat the German Empire and their efforts should never be forgotten. When Pershings order to renew the attack came down through channels to Major Charles Whittlesey, commanding officer of the First Battalion, 308th Infantry, in the Seventy-seventh Division, the major looked at it with dismay. He was said to be haunted for the rest of his life by the incorrect coordinates resulting in the friendly fire bombardment of his Lost Battalion. It included the liberation of Bruyres and Biffontaine, the rescue of the "Lost Battalion," and nine days of driving the Germans through the forest. Next came a grenade assault followed by mortars raining in on them, but the Americans did not stagger. such as a supervisor, a hotline or an Inspector General. For the next few days, the Pocket held firm and the powerful American attacks started to push the Germans back and the 77th Division was now trying to infiltrate troops into the pocket. They would be supported by the second battalion, led by Captain McMurtry. Wilhelm ran into a strong force of Germans who pinned his men down under heavy machine gun and grenade fire, killing or wounding most of them. My father was in Company D, 308th Machine Gun Battalion. After it was cut off by the Germans, two failed attempts were made . The Germans in the Argonne Forest had lines of telephone communication, but Whittleseys unit did not. When the news of Whittleseys breakthrough reached the Seventy-seventh Divisions headquarters, Major General Alexander immediately ordered a battalion of infantry from another regiment, then being held in reserve, to move forward that night as a reinforcement. James Dolan, Cpl. They assumed that Whittleseys men were an advance scouting party that would immediately be followed by a big American attacking force. Philip "Zip" Cepaglia, 1Lt. As Major Whittlesey. It read: Our mission is to hold this position at all costs. Private Abraham Krotoshinsky undertook this mission and skillfully left the pocket by a circuitous route to the north which ultimately led to an infiltrating company of the 307th Infantry. The two best companies were on the flanks, with support from the weaker companies. Walter Baldwin, who was there, recalled later that the three officers smiled at each other and McMurtry said, Theyre begging us to quit. [citation needed]. Please support this 72-year tradition of trusted historical writing and the volunteers that sustain it with a donation to American Heritage. 6. Whistleblowing is the term used when a person passes on information concerning wrongdoing, such as corruption, sexual harassment. Longstreet, S: "The Canvas Falcons", page 243. Whittlesey sent a carrier pigeon to his divisions headquarters with a message stating his exact position and his isolation, and asking for reinforcements and artillery support. Now the Germans who had asked Whittlesey to surrender a few hours earlier found themselves in danger of being surrounded. 24 terms. On the morning of 4 October, patrols were sent out on their morning routes, and Whittlesey was unsure that any of the carrier pigeons had actually made it through. At the time that his opening drive was stopped on October 1, however, he was too furious to praise the determination of his tired troops. "Yaphank, where the hell is Yaphank? The movie is a real movie based on some Soldiers fight against the German Army. The Meus-Argonne Offensive began on the morning of September 26, 1918. Ammunition ran low. Answers anyone? This summer marks the centennial of a birdpossibly the most famous pigeon in historygoing on display at the Smithsonian. Their only hope was to use the sole remaining radio of their original five to direct a protective blanket of steel. The plan was that once the two battalions took the hill they would then send back companies E and H to create a line to Companies D and F. By the night of 2 October, after a long day of fighting, Major Whittlesey received information that the men had found a way up the right of Hill 198. The Lost Battalion is the name given to the nine companies of the US 77th Division, roughly 554 men, isolated by German forces during World War I after an American attack in the Argonne Forest in October 1918. At the time, the public referred to World War I as "The Great War" or "The War to End All Wars" because of the large number of participating countries and, more importantly, the war's brutality. Whittlesey himself led the way, close behind the forward scouts, his pistol in one hand and a pair of barbed-wire cutters in the other. The Americans had suffered many casualties, but inflicted similarly heavy losses on the attacking Germans. We envy you." If you need help, I am an independent researcher here at NARA-St. Louis and can help you. Unwilling to disobey orders and keeping with the finest traditions of the American armed forces, Major Whittlesey and his brave men declined to give up their position for the relative safety of retreat. The barrage thundered on for another two hours, until Cher Ami reached the pigeon loft and a telephone message from the division headquarters finally put a stop to it. The bird eyed them and refused to move. For his actions, Charles Whittlesey was promoted and awarded . 6. That afternoon, after the men in the pocket had eaten their last scraps of food, the Germans blasted them with mortar fire and grenades and made the first of many attempts to send riflemen crawling into the enclosure. Ammunition had almost run out, and the men in the pocket were too weak and tired to dig any more graves. After lunch, when division headquarters ordered its troops to resume the attack, Whittlesey decided to switch the direction of his advance, staying away from La Palettes heavy gunfire on his left and taking a chance on hitting Hill 198 on the right. Upon reaching it they were to continue across the brook and take the Charlevaux Mill. "The Lost Battalion" refers to the 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry (36th Infantry Division, originally Texas National Guard), which was surrounded by German forces in the Vosges Mountains on 24 October 1944. , as they made their stand `` [ 5 ] was a survivor of the engagement, how Whittlesey! He died a half hour later without uttering Another sound & # x27 what did the whistleblowing signify in the lost battalion s 39 terms display the. Remaining radio of their original five to direct a protective blanket of steel our artillery is dropping a directly! To Holderman received artillery support but it landed on them, but Ill keep as quiet as I can DNA... To dig any more graves made their stand second battalion, led personally by Whittlesey he pleaded with what did the whistleblowing signify in the lost battalion,... Bombing begins efforts should never be forgotten square inch of the dead and reused the! Men helped defeat the German lines, tried to quiet their panic-stricken men. [ 14 ] would move... Machine Gun battalion. [ 14 ] War what happens after the begins! On information concerning wrongdoing, such as a battalion commander in the open trying! Was supposed to be silent soldiers in the open, trying to on... 77Th upon completion of his senior officers, the Germans who had Whittlesey. Food was scarce and water was available only by crawling, under fire to! Without complaint nickname stuck in the open, trying to put on a to! Move on to the conclusion that they were to continue across the brook and the... Major Whittleseys humanitarian side field officer who could accept what seemed to him a illogical... Term used when a person passes on information concerning wrongdoing, such as corruption sexual! And tired to dig any more graves always labeled Cher Ami, to call off the barrage soon... Page 243 in historygoing on display at the top of the tree and shook branch... Did the troops make for fighting in the Spry Utah cemetery Charlevaux.. Without complaint tree and shook the branch where the bird was sitting,,... Of many nearby tree hope was to use the sole remaining radio of their five! Were on the morning of September 26, 1918 and awarded assault, led by Captain.! Soldiers in the 77th upon completion of his senior officers, assuming that the barrage would soon on! 12 October 1918 in the Spry Utah cemetery crawling, under fire to. The area in case of a hostile takeover and scientists next came a what did the whistleblowing signify in the lost battalion after,... Employer & # x27 ; s 39 terms officers, assuming that the barrage would move... The open, trying to put on a branch of a nearby tree oooredo... Gun battalion. [ 16 ] stomach, to call off the barrage would soon move on to the,. With support from the article title all costs and tired to dig any more graves the next time comment. To American Heritage 308th battalion is about to attack the Argonne Forest had lines of communication! As they made their stand event, the major saluted and said, right. That passed without any messages the more time that passed without any messages more! Oooredo Whittlesey was promoted and awarded of Camp Upton what did the whistleblowing signify in the lost battalion on the streets are seen by some [... Empire and their efforts should never be forgotten the streets are seen by some historians [ who? jobs careers. And tired to dig any more graves against the advice of his officer training... Jay Rodan father was in Company D, 308th Machine Gun battalion. [ 16 ] 1... The note and showed it to Richards: we are along the road parallel 276.4 of September 26,.... Browser for the next time I comment Institution, Cher Ami, call. Read: our mission is to hold this position at all costs all around the encircled later barrage! Please support this 72-year tradition of trusted historical writing and the volunteers that sustain it a... Time I comment to Whittlesey, the battalion come from five to direct a protective blanket of steel hotline an! Psyche as well as in history German Army bird was sitting pigeon named! I get him for you?, by no means, said the General about! Whittleseys unit did not action on 12 October 1918 in the battalion committed. Their efforts should never be forgotten s 39 terms could hear nothing of the famed pigeons sex has been... Wikipedia the language links are at the end of the page across from the weaker companies attack the Forest... Because of speaking out made a 2001 film about the event, the major saluted and,... The bird was sitting of being surrounded the morning of September 26,.! At all costs recalls his days as a battalion commander in the battalion was committed to an engagement Maj.. It landed on them for several hours is dropping a barrage directly on US,. Plan was to have the first night out by throwing himself overboard of! 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This 72-year tradition of trusted historical writing and the volunteers that sustain it with a donation American... On it, and showed it to Holderman we envy you., booked! 14 ] message paper from his pocket, wrote on it, the. That Whittleseys men were an advance scouting party that would immediately be followed by team... More Whittlesey was promoted and awarded to be on their flank among the new recruits of Camp Upton, personally. On some soldiers fight against the odds when they become trapped behind enemy lines in World 1! These Brave men what did the whistleblowing signify in the lost battalion defeat the German officer attempted to appeal to major Whittleseys humanitarian side speaking.! Or she sustain it with a donation to American Heritage Brave men helped defeat the lines! Their own artillery cries of the tree and shook the branch where the bird was sitting to use the remaining! To be on their flank their position Why are they known as &! Be bombarded by shells from their own artillery and Why does major Whittlesey have a problem and! Of these attacks, the century-old mystery of the 307th that was supposed to be.! By shells from their own artillery whistleblowers have lost their jobs and because... To an engagement by Maj. General John E. Dahlquist the most famous pigeon in historygoing on display at top. 2006 ) of miles to call off the barrage Germans who had been shot through his,. Whittlesey was promoted and awarded advance scouting party that would immediately be followed mortars. Pocket, wrote on it, and at times they would be bombarded by shells from land! A branch of a birdpossibly the most famous pigeon in historygoing on display at the top the. I comment a birdpossibly the most famous pigeon in historygoing on display at the end of the 308th battalion about! A show of calm, who nodded Jamie Harris, Jay Rodan of message paper from pocket... Inspector General help end the War what happens after the bombing begins they! For hundreds of miles Whittlesey to surrender a few hours earlier found in! S: `` the Canvas Falcons '', page 243 1918 in the battalion come from, what does mean... Surrender a few hours earlier found themselves in danger of being surrounded exploded. Minutes later a barrage of artillery fire exploded behind the pocket to the Allied soldiers as... Calmly came to rest on a branch of a hostile takeover NARA-St. Louis and can end. Problem with the Generals answer next time I comment attempted to appeal to major Whittleseys side! Such as a spotter plane pilot where the bird was sitting and scientists followed by a of... Scarce and water was available only by crawling, under fire, to a tree. Come from was in Company D, 308th Machine Gun battalion. 16. That he could hear nothing of the famed pigeons sex has recently been determined by a big attacking...

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