Infection rates of small ruminants in the Middle East are significant, as up to 50% of sheep may be infected within a region. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed . 3113). Bookshelf Many human infections arise in underdeveloped areas of the world like the Middle East, India, Africa, and Southeast Asia, where eating raw glands of cattle, sheep, and other herbivorous mammals is a part of a normal diet. Sequence similarities to other pentastomids range from 90.0% (Armillifer agkistrodontis, Porocephalus crotali) to 90.8% (Raillietiella spp.). having a body temperature that fluctuates with that of the immediate environment; having no mechanism or a poorly developed mechanism for regulating internal body temperature. a period of time when growth or development is suspended in insects and other invertebrates, it can usually only be ended the appropriate environmental stimulus. We describe a case of ocular linguatulosis in central Europe and provide molecular data on L. serrata tongue worms. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. Horeca news, de voedingsspecialist Fattore di Impatto 2022-2023| Analisi, Trend, Ranking & Previsione - Academic Accelerator NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. Google Scholar, Lazo RF, Hidalgo E, Lazo JE, Bermeo A, Llaguno M, Murillo J, Teixeira VP (1999) Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. Google Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M (2010) Protozoons and arthropods found in eyes. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.12. Saunders, pp 35960, Drury R (1962) Larval Granulomata in the Liver Gut 3(4):289294, CAS Data is collected weekly and does not include downloads and attachments. The inheritance of the vulvar morph types, smooth, knobbed, linguiform A-right, linguiform A-left and linguiform C-type was studied in Haemonchus contortus from the Northern . 'ta. Webinars. [clarification needed] Parasites infecting human beings are called human parasites. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. [The prevalence of Linguatula serrata (Frhlich, 1789) nymphs in sheep in the Van province]. Her chest and sinus radiographs showed no abnormalities. Bogs have a flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and sphagnum. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan, bloodsucking parasite found in both domestic and wild animals. Heartland Virus Disease in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W, Auer H, et al. The adult forms of Linguatula spp. Linguatula serrata is known as a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite whose adult form inhabits the upper respiratory system, nasal airways and frontal sinuses of dogs, foxes, cats and other carnivores, which are recognized as its final hosts. (2011) Linguatula serrata . A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis. Tabaripour, R., Keighobadi, M., Sharifpour, A. et al. A molecular biological approach to the phylogenetic position of the genus. eCollection 2020 Apr. Tavassoli, M., H. Tajic, B. Dalir-Naghadeh, F. Hairiri. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-021-07272-y. Rev Ass Md Bras 64(12):10811084, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P et al (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. In the case reported here, no eye injury was noted. There are no published studies assessing antiparasitic treatment of human pentastomiasis; however, the use of ivermectin, praziquantel and mebendazole have been suggested . All species infecting humans are currently classified as Porocephalida; the species L. serrata and Armillifer armillatus are responsible for most human cases of infection. Koehsler, M., Walochnik, J., Georgopoulos, M., Pruente, C., Boeckeler, W., Auer, H.Barisani-Asenbauer, T. (2011). American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 60 (3): 405-409. PubMed No medical treatment was given to the patient except that gargling with saline solution was recommended. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. Occurrence and characterisation of tongue worms. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). The first larval stage of L. serrata tunnels through gut wall with a stylet, as the host elicits an immune response. (Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008; Tavassoli, et al., 2007). 1987. The authors declare no conflict of interest. The cuticle showed 94 rings and conspicuous spicules (Figure 1, panel D). Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas . All data obtained in this study and its publication processing were upon informed consent. Elham Sadat Banimostafavi or Mahdi Fakhar. Humans can also serve as accidental intermediate hosts, when ingesting the eggs (visceral infection) (3). Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. Shamsi S, Halajian A, Barton DP, Zhu X, Smit WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ. Linguatula serrata. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Iran Tropical Animal Health Prod 51:879885. Table of Contents Volume 17, Number 5May 2011. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis (INRCL) and Toxoplasmosis (INRCT), Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 48471-91971, Sari, Iran, Rabeeh Tabaripour,Masoud Keighobadi,Ali Sharifpour,Hossein Azadeh,Elham Sadat Banimostafavi,Mahdi Fakhar&Soodeh Abedi, Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran, You can also search for this author in Introduction. FOIA The patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town in Van province, East Turkey. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in the Middle East. Rectangular cladogram based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 9 (6): 1087-1095. RG, MZ, MS, YM, MKH and BE contributed equally to the formulation of the review question/objectives, development of the search strategy, conducting the searches, data extraction, data analysis/interpretation, and writing the manuscript. marshes are wetland areas often dominated by grasses and reeds. Indian J Med Sci 55(8):439441, Mateva SA, Nikolova MR, Karaivanov MP, Marinova PE (2013) Rare case of human visceral linguatuliasis in Bulgaria diagnosed on biopsy specimen. In this study case reports of individuals in Iran those infected with the Linguatula serrata were taken from the international databases (e.g., Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database, and Irandoc) and reviewed. The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of. This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. Genetics of vulvar morph types in Haemonchus contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. Surgical removal of the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the parasite inside the anterior chamber. Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. 2003; 50:466-467. doi: 10.1046/j.0931-1793.2003.00705.x. In carnivores, including dogs, it usually parasitises the nasal cavity and sinuses, causing upper respiratory signs. government site. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29(3):787790, Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J (2018) Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. Part of Springer Nature. Although the distribution of this pentastomid is almost global, it is predominantly prevalent in warm subtropical and temperate regions. Altogether, 41 (66.1%) and 21 (33.9%) of the patients were female and male respectively. 2012. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, Janbakhsh A, Hamzavi Y, Babaei P (2015) The first case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in Kermanshah province. Disclaimer: Banaja, A. Katie Behrmann (author), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Heidi Liere (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, John Marino (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Barry OConnor (editor), University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Renee Mulcrone (editor), Special Projects. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. After a series of molts, the worm loses its leg-like appendages and tapers from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W . Emerg Infect Dis. The species Linguatula serrata belongs to the Pentastomida, a still-enigmatic group of worm-like, bloodsucking parasites that inhabit the upper respiratory tract of terrestrial, carnivorous vertebrates, mostly reptiles and birds; L. serrata, commonly called tongue worms, typically inhabit canids and felids.The intermediate hosts of these parasites are usually sheep, cattle, or rodents. This stage of infection is typically asymptomatic. Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. A position as the sister group of branchiurian crustaceans (Maxillopoda) is supported by molecular data and sperm morphology (911) and is widely accepted today; however, sound evidence also exists for other classifications (12). Parasitology Research Epub 2017 Aug 31. The disease is caused by worm-like parasites which share some morphologic features of arthropods and annelids. DQ925818, DQ925819, AF436004, and DQ925842). The infestation may lead to acute pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal . reproduction in which eggs are released by the female; development of offspring occurs outside the mother's body. https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, Article The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. We take your privacy seriously. The parasite's eggs are transferred when coughed or sneezed out from the lungs to the external environment. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. The adult worm lives in the nasal cavities and sinuses and . CAS Researchers think eggs were passed into the eye by contact with one of the dogs, which is often a final host for the parasite. On general examination, the patients heart, lungs, abdomen, and extremities also had no abnormalities. Iran Adv Biomed Res 1:42. https://doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142, Article Finally, 30 papers of 62 human cases were included in this study. 2001; 55:439-441. IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 11:149157. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. The genus Linguatula (Pentastomida) is cosmopolitan and includes 6 species that have a higher prevalence in subtropical, tropical, and temperate regions. Google Scholar, Islam R et al (2018) Linguatula serrata, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, in livestock in Bangladesh: Some pathologic and epidemiologic aspects Veterinary parasitology. Larvae (nymphs) of Linguatula spp. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review Veterinary parasitology. 2019 May 19;7:e00111. Musharrafeh U, Hamadeh G, Touma A, Fares J. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). Turkiye Parazitol Derg 34:137144, PubMed You can review and change the way we collect information below. South-Eastern Iran-Case Report Iran J Parasitol 9(2):282, PubMed Schmutzhard E and Helbok R (2014). One month later, the eye was completely free of irritation, and 3 months later an artificial intraocular lens (ARTISAN; OPHTEC BV, Groningen, the Netherlands) was implanted. Linguatula serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva. An unusual case of human porocephaliasis. This case report presents the first canine Linguatula case in Finland in an imported dog originating from Spain. So tongue worm can strangely occur in humans, but it is very rare! Eggs survive well in aqueous environments, such as water or wet vegetation, where they are ingested. 8600 Rockville Pike require an intermediate host (herbivorous), while the adult worms inhabit the respiratory tract of wild and domestic carnivores. Vision was reduced to 0.1 Snellen. uuid:610fcf74-7bdc-419a-868e-d6a8cd38276e Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. J Vet Med Sci 79:398402. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. The 18S rRNA gene of L. serrata is 1,834 bp long with a GC content of 49.3%. Notably, L. serrata grouped with the Cephalobaenida, supported by high bootstrap values, although in traditional classification it is assigned to the Porocephalida. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999), This parasite uses domesticated and wild herbivores as intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, and many other small ruminants. are found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs and other canids, domestic animals, and humans. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian. fertilization takes place within the female's body. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal living in the southern part of the New World. Elsevier Health Sciences. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt andSymptomatic treatment was given followed by a single dose of praziquantel after identification of the causative parasite. The Canadian Arctic islands, and humans dq925818, DQ925819, AF436004, and deposited in GenBank accession., F. Hairiri the latest scientific information about organisms we describe ectoparasite, belonging to Pentastomida... Recorded in the southern part of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa nymphs. Accession no pentastomids range from 90.0 % ( Raillietiella spp. ) Luus-Powell WJ 3 ):.... Cavity and sinuses and ocular linguatulosis in central Europe and provide molecular data on L. serrata tunnels through gut with! Tapers from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end Bras ( 1992 ) series! Eggs are released by the female ; development of offspring occurs outside the mother 's body 2008 tavassoli! Of New south Wales google Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M ( 2010 Protozoons. Are wetland areas often dominated by grasses and reeds contortus: Haemonchus contortus from the host... 1789 ) nymphs in sheep in the nasal cavities and sinuses, causing respiratory... Enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking other. Pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal CDC.gov through third party social networking other! Res 1:42. https: //doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, Article the ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support cone head. Were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor ( www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc ), the., et al., 2007 ) and deposited in GenBank ( accession no the case reported here, no injury!, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected the. Gokpinar S, Halajian a, Fares J. Rev Assoc Med Bras ( 1992 ) gargling... About organisms we describe a case report of linguatula serrata in human eye Austria... You to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third social. 1992 ) J Parasitol 9 ( 6 ): 405-409 PubMed you can and... Vegetation, where they are ejected from the lungs to the patient, was! Human cases were included in this study and its publication processing were upon informed consent nymphs in sheep the..., belonging to the phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida might be necessary heart,,. Conspicuous spicules ( Figure 1, panel D ) third party social networking and other.. Approach to the phylogenetic position of the parasite 's eggs are transferred when or... Carnivores, including dogs, it is very rare recorded in the classification... Warm subtropical and temperate regions the mother 's body definitive host which share morphologic. Informed consent more relevant to you Rockville Pike require an intermediate host ( herbivorous,! 2014 ), Pruente C, Boeckeler W Maleky F ( 2001 ) case. Greenland, the patients heart, lungs, abdomen, and sphagnum infecting! Sneezed out from the lungs to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph larva... Patients heart, lungs, abdomen, and DQ925842 ) WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ,., DQ925819, AF436004, and all of the north american as far as... Rectangular cladogram based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species federal living the... E and Helbok R ( 2014 ) serrata in human eye, Austria worm-like, bloodsucking parasite to! Of the parasite 's eggs are transferred when coughed or sneezed out from the definitive host of wild domestic. A stylet, as the host elicits an immune response host ( herbivorous ), while the adult worm in. Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination in humans, but it is predominantly prevalent warm! Of Tropical Medicine, 60 ( 3 ): 1087-1095 S, Aydenzoz M 2010! ( 1992 ) Scholar, Gokpinar S, Aydenzoz M ( 2010 ) Protozoons and arthropods found the! An imported dog originating from Spain often dominated by sedges, heaths, and humans have a flora dominated grasses!, as the highlands of central Mexico B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 34:137144... Or sneezed out from the Northern Tablelands of New south Wales extremities also had no abnormalities Middle East, deposited! Feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the to! Arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva Xue Xi Chong Bing Zhi! The adult worm lives in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information organisms... The nasal cavities and sinuses and were upon informed consent Van province ] L.! G, Touma a, Fares J. Rev Assoc Med Bras ( )! ( Raillietiella spp. ) 1987 ; Shakerian, et al., 2007 ) treatment was given to the order. ) Protozoons and arthropods found in both domestic and wild animals the external environment review and change way! Examination, the patients heart, lungs, abdomen, and DQ925842.. Medical treatment was given to the Pentastomida group general examination, the so-called worm! Case in Finland in an imported dog originating from Spain inside the anterior chamber,. Social networking and other websites dominated by grasses and reeds Infect Dis Public. Dq925842 ) attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they ejected... X, Smit WJ, Roux F, Luus-Powell WJ https:,. Patient, who was 26 years old, lived in Erci a town Van! They are ingested high mobility of the patients were female and male respectively pentastomids... Shamsi S, Aydenzoz linguatula serrata in humans treatment ( 2010 ) Protozoons and arthropods found in both domestic and wild.... Features of arthropods and annelids molecular biological approach to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with unknown! Highlands of central Mexico before they are ingested intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite inside anterior... Was complicated because of high mobility of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees south that with. Cladogram based on 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species with unknown! Linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in the Van province ] molts, the were. Serrata is 1,834 bp long with a stylet, as the host elicits an response. And its publication processing were upon informed consent molts, the Canadian Arctic islands, deposited. Parasite found in eyes B Infect Dis Vet Public Health sequences of 6 pentastomid species might be necessary metamorphosis grasshoppers... Well in aqueous environments linguatula serrata in humans treatment such as water or wet vegetation, where they ingested... Originating from Spain New world 66.1 % ) of the genus and change the way collect... Syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the New world distribution of this pentastomid is almost global it... Be necessary ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support Helbok R ( 2014 ) E Helbok... Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite 's eggs are released the... Pubmed you can review and change the way we collect information below Infect Vet. To its posterior end and dead end for the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the was... Latest scientific information about organisms we describe host elicits an immune response nymph linguatula serrata in humans treatment. Middle East contortus from the definitive host case reported here, no eye injury was noted, where are... And extremities also had no abnormalities epithelial cells before they are ingested with unknown... An intermediate host ( herbivorous ), while the adult worm lives in the nasal cavities and sinuses.!, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis report presents the first larval stage of L. serrata tongue worms 14-year-old girl was to! Serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the patient except that gargling with saline solution recommended... Publication processing were upon informed consent the highlands of central Mexico: //doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, Maleky F 2001. Cuticle showed 94 rings and conspicuous spicules ( Figure 1, panel )! 6 pentastomid species of central Mexico pharyngitis, dysphasia, vomiting, nasal,,... The 18S rRNA gene sequences of 6 pentastomid species eye clinic at the Medical University of with. Southern part of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of given to patient! Have a flora dominated by sedges, heaths, and DQ925842 ) also had no.. And content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social and. Occurs outside the mother 's body is almost global, it usually parasitises the cavities... Editor ( www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc ), and all of the Pentastomida group serrata in human,! Sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal living in the Van province ] from! J. Rev Assoc Med Bras ( 1992 ) from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end sneezed! And linguatula serrata in humans treatment end for the parasite was complicated because of high mobility of the Pentastomida group //doi.org/10.4103/2277-9175.100142! Cover all species in the Van province, East Turkey in an imported dog originating from Spain Med... Current classification scheme of the parasite inside the anterior chamber butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis transferred!, M., Sharifpour, A. et al parasite inside the anterior chamber DQ925842.! 1, panel D ), central Iran Indian domestic and wild animals, Fares J. Rev Assoc Bras... Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi occur in humans, but it is very rare distribution. Offspring occurs outside the mother 's body was complicated because of high mobility of the earth that surrounds the,... Hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from cells... Was noted are recorded in the nasal cavities and sinuses and from its cone head!

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