Understand what it is that is so significant to them and then try to use that understanding to bring them to you and to what you see as the most important agenda for the university. Related Speeches. As she told former NEH chairman Sheldon Hackney in an interview with Humanities magazine in 1997, I guess Ive been studying unpleasant people or politically incorrect people for my whole academic career.. And so you have to be able to listen to them and, in a sense, going back to what I said about studying history, see the world through their eyes. Universities are meant to be producers not just of knowledge but also of (often inconvenient) doubt. Drew Faust. In This Republic Of Suffering, historian Drew Gilpin Faust reveals that the rate of death during the American Civil war was six times that of World War II a fact which created a shared. Nevertheless, my assignment is to offer a few reflections on this magnificent institution at this moment in its history. Now, it may surprise some of you to hear that this is not an uncontroversial assertion. overrideTextAlignment= Drew Gilpin Faust used her inauguration as the 28th president of Harvard University over the weekend to defend American higher education from critics who allege students are not being taught enough, faculty are not held to high enough standards and the college experience costs too much. In prose both clear and beautiful, she has brought some of our darker side into the light. Will this reenactment do any more to acknowledge the wars purposes and politics and their continuing significance than did the reenactments of fifty years ago? But somehow I always lost. She took the name Faust when she married in 1968; the marriage ended in 1976. Fausts research into how the South viewed and justified slavery led her to other stories of the era, including those of Confederate women, generally thought of as being among the staunchest supporters of the Confederate cause. It is important to take joy in the variety of things that go on at a university. Diaries, letters, and business records furnished a superb record of Hammonds rise from near poverty to social success as a politician and the master of a large plantation. The United States has pioneered a new postwar era of mass college attendance that has become global in reach. But in the five Southerners who fashioned themselves a sacred circle of alienated intellectuals, the politician Hammond, the novelist William Gilmore Simms, the agricultural reformer Edmund Ruffin, and the college professors Nathaniel Beverly Tucker and George Frederick Holmes, Faust uncovered and humanized a cadre of book-toting critics of the society they were helping build. A documentary based on the book aired on PBS in 2012. Drew Faust has been a pioneer in at least three distinct subfields of nineteenth-century American history: first, the intellectual history of the Old South, especially proslavery ideology; second, the history of women and gender; and third, the social and cultural history of the Civil War, particularly that conflict's overwhelming scale of death Want to read all 3 pages? And so with the articulation of these principles of separation and inequality as a defensive response to the emerging civil rights revolution, I was struck, even as a young child, by their inconsistency with the values I had learned at church, as I made reference to in my piece about my letter to Eisenhower, and in school as we learned about democracy and America, those political values that had been transmitted to me by the time I was nine years old. The former dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Faust is also . the nobler impulses . But from Homer to Whitman to Owen to Heller to those telling the stories of our wars today, we have grappled to use the humanity of words to understand the inhumanity of war. While most academic historians avoid biography, Faust found in Hammond a combination of monstrous appetite and singular expressiveness, a first-rate character and a lesser human being. Higher education, Fallis insists, has the responsibility to serve not just as a source of economic growth, but as societys critic and conscience. December 26, 2011. She also added, "I'm not the woman president of Harvard, I'm the president of Harvard."[3]. Hill and their troops had followed to arrive from Harpers Ferry for their critical roles in the battle. "Education Is the Engine" Faust's promotion once again thrust . She has enjoyed good health since then. Humility, Hope, and the Work of Becoming Educated | Drew Gilpin Faust | 2021 2,836 views Mar 30, 2021 114 Dislike Share BYU Speeches 117K subscribers Using lessons from America's history,. In a mode both analytical and elegiac, Faust removed the veil from a subject that has never fit into the sentimentalized Civil War demanded by many enthusiasts. Will we in this historic sesquicentennial to be observed at a time when Americans are involved in real conflicts in three sites across the globe forget what a heavy responsibility rests on those who seek to tell the stories of war? . How did they deal with the bodies? LEACH: You went to prep school in Massachusetts, college at Bryn Mawr, and then graduate school at the University of Pennsylvania. As I was attending at Antietam a rendering of the past that divorced it from history, a quite different battle was raging in Washington, just seventy miles away, over the celebration of the Emancipation Proclamation scheduled to take place at the Lincoln Memorial the following week. Yet this commitment to reason and truthto their pursuit and preeminenceseems increasingly a minority viewpoint. As the world indulged in a bubble of false prosperity and excessive materialism, should universities in their research, teaching and writing have made greater efforts to expose the patterns of risk and denial? . As a nation, we need to ask more than this from our universities. The Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, had been of even greater significance in the war than either first or second Bull Run. Senator Harry Byrd issued a call to massive resistance, including the passage of state laws to prevent desegregation. Why must he write of the war? he asks. [20] Romer was later nominated by President Barack Obama to chair the Council of Economic Advisers. Her point of view is extremely interesting [17]: "Higher learning can offer individuals and societies a depth and breadth of vision. Should universities have presented a firmer counterweight to economic irresponsibility? The many collections of soldiers letters I have read in archives North and South reflect this struggle between the impossibility and necessity of communicating wars truths. . When the United States invaded Iraq in 2003, it was influenced in no small part by the desire even need to transform the uncertainty of combating a terrorist enemy without a face or location into a conflict that could provide a purposeful, coherent and understandable structure a comprehensible narrative. That was a significant driver in this decision as well. . That reinforced my interest in the notion that if you can understand how someone sees the world differently from you, then you learn something about your own world too. We look at Widener Library and see a great edifice, a backdrop of giant columns where photos are taken and 27 steps are worn down ever so slightly by the feet of a century of students and scholars. If C. Vann Woodward were alive to witness the wars sesquicentennial begin this spring, he would find that the conflict over its interpretation continues, once again mirroring our contemporary debates about national purposes. FAUST: I loved writing that biography of Hammond because he wrote down everything he did. LEACH: Well, you have commented elsewhere on the importance of education in the American dream. Picking up that language from the past is done self-consciously as an invocation of resistance to centralized federal power, but it has other histories as well. Harvard University President Drew Gilpin Faust noted in 2009 the growing dominance of economic justifications for the existence of universities, to the exclusion of its other missions, such. His opening sentence thus united the two documents as foundational to the meaning of the war and to Kings definition of America. Greetings alumni, graduates, families, and friends. It is in some ways reassuring at this 365th Commencement to recall all that Harvard has endured over centuries. War makes rattling good history, a Thomas Hardy character observes in The Dynasts. . Universities do not just store facts; they teach us how to evaluate, test, challenge, and refine them. Human beings are in fact powerfully attracted to war. Fighting is reconceived as war because of how humans write and speak about it; it is framed as a story, with a plot that imbues its actors with both individual and shared purpose and is intended to move toward victory for one or another side. The federal governments first effort to support higher education, the Morrill Act of 1862, which established land grant colleges, was intended to advance the practical education of the industrial classes. A Department of Education report from 2006, A Test of Leadership: Charting the Future of Higher Education, concentrated on creating a competitive American work force and advancing our collective prosperity. But even as we as a nation have embraced education as critical to economic growth and opportunity, we should remember that colleges and universities are about a great deal more than measurable utility. Part of this is the result of the extensive work historians have undertaken since the 1960s. Ruth J. Simmons during a 2007 Harvard panel discussion among women Ivy League presidents (including then-president-designate Drew Gilpin Faust) Courtesy Harvard University T his morning, Harvard announced that Ruth Simmons, Ph.D. '73, LL.D. But it is not just that we have more information; we also look at the past with different eyes and ask different questions, questions based in the belief that rights should not be defined nor voices empowered or silenced because of race. When Marine recruiters marched in perfect step into his high school auditorium, it was for Kovic, like all the movies and all the books and all the dreams of becoming a hero come true. He returned from Vietnam paralyzed from the waist down by a severed spinal cord, bitter about a war so different from the myth we had grown up believing, victim of a shattered body and even more shattered illusions. Such an incendiary interpretation, directly contradicting both Lost Cause myths about womens devotion to the Confederacy as well as military historians strategic interpretations, elicited much criticism at the time and since. And living surrounded by those gray, black-bordered road signs that the state of Virginia put up to mark historic sites. Faust soon established herself as a historians historiana scholar who logs endless hours in archives, and asks new and provocative questions that yield fresh and surprising insights, all captured in clear, sometimes even lyrical prose. overrideTextAlignment=. Well, after 11 years, Drew Gilpin Faust has now completed the job. . She came north for high school to Concord Academy, a girls prep school in Massachusetts, and then to Bryn Mawr, a womens college outside Philadelphia, where she graduated in 1968. As extraordinary as these times may seem to us, Harvard reminds us we have been here before. [2] She was Harvard's first president since 1672 without an undergraduate or graduate degree from Harvard and the first to have been raised in the South. After that incident, civilians were more likely to wait to arrive until after the guns were silent. They have the power to send men into battle and to shape the wars they fight. - Raised in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, Drew Gilpin Faust attended Concord Academy in Massachusetts. And it took a while before I figured out that history had turned out otherwise. . . are 74 percent higher than for workers who possess only a high school diploma. A year later, she entered graduate school in history and American civilization at the University of Pennsylvania, and achieved her PhD in 1975 at the tender age of 27. Such a widespread perception of the value of universities derives in no small part from very pragmatic realities: a college education yields significant rewards. A productive and original scholar, Faust has also proven to be an able administrator. This is a book about writing, and about war, and about their interdependence. We all share a common history in America, but we dont necessarily share a common perspective. She was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1994 and the American Philosophical Society in 2004. The Obama administration has set a goal of devoting more than 3 percent of gross domestic product to research. Where do universities fit in this threatening mix? Before serving as president, she was the founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and for many years was a professor of history at the University of Pennsylvania. [7], Faust graduated from Concord Academy, Concord, Massachusetts, in 1964. Widener and Memorial Church. For the Civil War, it was perhaps Robert E. Lee who captured this contradiction most memorably in his often and variously quoted remark to James Longstreet as they watched the slaughter at Fredericksburg in 1862. Jeffrey R. Holland March 8, 1977. Faust emphasized that our commitment to education can not only better ourselves, but our world at large. This was fascinating to me as a way of expanding how one does history. Race has moved from the margins of Civil War history to its center. Hope. . He became almost a barometer for his culture as he tried to take on each of its requirements for advancement. And yet. But one has the sense you continued thinking about your Southern heritage through your chosen field of study. burying . Brought up in an age of fast-changing values and an interventionist war in Southeast Asia, she wrapped herself in painstaking interpretations of the nineteenth-century American South, from its feudal society and slave economy to the almost forgotten inner workings of Southern womanhood. American universities have long struggled to meet almost irreconcilable demands: to be practical as well as transcendent; to assist immediate national needs and to pursue knowledge for its own sake; to both add value and question values. By Drew Gilpin Faust. Every war is ironic, Paul Fussell wrote in his brilliant study of the First World War, because every war is worse than expected.. Tragedy, Aristotle wrote, is complete, whole, and of a certain magnitude the very stuff Hemingway had found in his experience of war. It is well war is so terrible else we would grow too fond of it. After all, we owe to war so much of our history and our literature. We as writers create that story; we remember that story. When life itself cannot be taken for granted, its every aspect assumes an enhanced significance and value. Drew Faust2021 Scholars and readers alike rightly tend to value most those historians who, like Faust, can make us think anew, and embed their research-based judgments in good narrative, as they also suggest the pasts inherent place in our present. It was officially about the federal governments power to impose tariffs. As president of Harvard from 2007 to 2018, Faust expanded financial aid to improve access to Harvard College for students of all economic backgrounds and advocated for increased federal funding for scientific research. She earned a BA magna cum laude with honors in history from Bryn Mawr College in 1968. The Morrill Act seems to me consistent with those. David Norton February 17, 2011 In the seventies, the womens movement made military service a big focus of the struggle for womens equality. During a press conference on campus, Faust said, "I hope that my own appointment can be one symbol of an opening of opportunities that would have been inconceivable even a generation ago." As the political philosopher Jean Bethke Elshtain has put it, War imitates narratives imitating war. John Keegan, who for twenty six years served as an instructor at the British Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, has offered an example central to historical writing in his description of the battle piece. This highly conventionalized, heroic account of combat has shaped not just the rhetoric and assumptions of military history, but more powerfully and more dangerously, the understanding and seduction of war itself. It groups the maximum of material and speeds up the action and brings out all sorts of stuff that normally you have to wait a lifetime to get. Hemingways description of why war is the best subject is a striking, though almost certainly unwitting, invocation of the dramatic structures Aristotles Poetics so long ago defined the unity of time, action and place that, in intensifying and containing experience, refashions it as literature. But an essential aspect of its interest and appeal not just to those reenactors but, in fact, to all of us is simply that it was war. A specialist in the history of the South in the antebellum period and Civil War, Faust rose to become Walter Annenberg Professor of History. The public record similarly documented that history in politics, business, the military, and other influential spheres built around record-keeping institutions. I would not have missed it for worlds.. In 2001 Faust became founding dean of the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard, the successor to Radcliffe College, which had been Harvard Universitys womens college; she was also appointed Lincoln Professor of History at Harvard. He lived in Clarke County, as we did, and he was very much a presence. '02,will join the University as senior adviser to the president on engagement with Historically Black . As president of Harvard from 2007 to 2018, Faust expanded financial aid to improve access to Harvard College for students of all economic backgrounds and advocated for increased federal funding for scientific research. Universities, and especially the humanities, are vital to the very survival of our civilization. For our youngest students, those just beginning to shape their adult lives, lives who today received what the ritual language of Commencement calls their first degree, for them these questions of values and responsibility take on particular salience. How did you become interested in writing a whole book on the wars death toll and its social consequences? This paradox at the heart of the experience of war also forms the core of wars attraction to writers and artists. But at this moment in our history, universities might well ask if they have in fact done enough to raise the deep and unsettling questions necessary to any society. It challenges us as it has long challenged the humanities to take it on. The discussion and debate that surrounded that were very much in the air of my childhood. If we can comprehend the sources and mechanisms of their blindness, perhaps we can better equip ourselves to acknowledge and confront our own.. Humility. One of the most forceful of wars attractions to its chroniclers is the very impossibility of their task. And we must do still more. And as I wrote that first book, James Henry Hammond being one of the individuals I studied, he rose to the fore in my mind as an individual who, as a plantation owner, as a senator, as a governor, as a writer and intellectual, offered windows into so many aspects of the South in the pre-Civil War and the Civil War era. Faust's book is an illuminating study of the American struggle to comprehend the meaning and practicalities of death in the face of the unprecedented carnage of the Civil War. She is the author of six books, including Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War (1996), for which she won both the Society of American Historians Francis Parkman Prize and the Avery O. Craven Award from the Organization of American Historians in 1997. How do you put all of this together? We have a very special obligation in a very difficult time. At the outbreak of the Crimean War, for example, Tennyson enthusiastically anticipated the sudden making of splendid names and the heart of a people that would beat with one desire. Herbert Asquiths World War I poem The Volunteer depicted a clerk who half his life had spent/ Toiling at ledgers in a city grey, who was now invited to join the men of Agincourt. The American Civil War, fought in the years between Balaclava and the Western Front, generated similar sentiments and declarations. I agree with Ana Mari Cauce and John Hennessy that accessibility, inclusivity, and innovation are critical to the future of higher education. We remember a very different Civil War from the one we celebrated and contested in the 1960s. Many of these have been collected and published; others rest in archives; others no doubt still remain in attics North and South. There wasnt a vivid discourse of race. Education is the vehicle we ride to the future, both individually and collectively, she said. 52 Copy quote A university is not about results in the next quarter; it is not even about who a student has become by graduation. We simply know a great deal more about the experience of black Americans in a variety of critical roles in the war as soldiers nearly 200,000 strong fighting for Union victory, as contrabands forcing the issue of freedom onto the northern agenda, as slave laborers refusing to continue the status quo on farms and plantations across the South. So, thats one set of attributes. In 2009, however, she instituted layoffs and pay freezes after Harvards endowment suffered a major loss during the global financial crisis. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Drew-Gilpin-Faust, Harvard University - Biography of Drew Gilpin Faust. They rose to about 15 percent by 1949, in part as a result of the G.I. Faust told a story about one of the graduate schools at Harvard. . At a time when access and affordability are more consequential than ever before, the . Faust lamented the effects of the financial crisis on universities around the world, and said that debts associated with student loans have exceeded 1 trillion dollars in the United States. More than twenty-six centuries later, contemplating Americas Civil War, Herman Melville concurred, None can narrate that strife. Yet both chose nonetheless to write, to find words to convey wars meaning, seeing in its impossibility the attraction of its necessity. An equivalent proportion of today's population would be six million. We will continue to be educated in one way or another until our very last breath., Next Devotional: Ryan Gabriel, Assistant Professor of Sociology. Like African Americans, women play a role in American society that has expanded and changed dramatically over the past half century, and their place in Civil War history has grown in parallel. . Evidence, reason, facts, logic, an understanding of history and of science. She has declined to speak with the media with more details about her diagnosis or treatment. Drew Gilpin Faust President, Harvard "Women in Leadership: Drew Gilpin Faust". from froth-corrupted lungs, the dying flung into wagons, the living left lame and blind. . She was Harvard's first president since 1672 without an undergraduate or graduate degree from Harvard and the first to have been raised in the South. You cant tell where you are, or why youre there, and the only certainty is overwhelming ambiguity. Business is now by far the most popular undergraduate major, with twice as many bachelors degrees awarded in this area than in any other field of study. I felt our students would learn a lot, and I felt that it was important for the military as well. They began to question the sacrifices they had made. We sing in our alma mater about Calm rising through change and through storm. What does that mean for todays crises? . In September 2010, the official Virginia Sesquicentennial Commission foregrounded this shift with a conference entitled Race, Slavery and the Civil War: The Tough Stuff of American History and Memory. Issues that were suppressed or ignored a half century ago are now necessarily fundamental to Civil War remembrance: It is impossible to avoid the tough stuff. The amnesia of the 1962 Antietam observances is unthinkable, as Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell learned last year when he scrambled to apologize for not mentioning slavery in a proclamation of Confederate History Month. As Woodward reflected, and as the centennial observances proceeded around him, the Civil War and its meaning aroused intensifying controversy. LEACH: There is in Lincolns background that dimension, and also the obverse dimension. King was seizing the right to the kind of celebration of the Proclamation that Civil War centennial organizers had suppressed not quite a year before. This too has shaped a new approach to our past. Does this observation strike you as valid? For Kovic, as for so many men through the ages, war and manhood became inextricably intertwined; war stories still serve as instructional manuals for becoming a man. Through her analysis, Faust realized how reflection of the past leads to a contemplation of the future. No, No, No, a thousand times No!, The life and work of Faust can seem paradoxical in certain lights. When you were nine, you wrote a letter to the president of the United States, Dwight David Eisenhower. Surely the slaughter of the Western Front eliminated any future for the language and narratives of what Owen called The old Lie? In an 1963 essay for the New York Times entitled Our Past Isnt What It Used to Be, the eminent historian C. Vann Woodward observed that there was far less agreement over the interpretation of the Civil War today than there was a half century ago. History, he remarked in a wry variation of Clausewitzs famous dictum, becomes the continuation of war by other means.. Future, both individually and collectively, she said vehicle we ride to the meaning of the work! He was very much a presence you continued thinking about your Southern heritage through your chosen field of.... Convey wars meaning, seeing in its history in Virginia & # x27 ; Shenandoah. Surely the slaughter of the G.I of history and of science into wagons the. You continued thinking about your Southern heritage through your chosen field of Study his opening sentence United! A BA magna cum laude with honors in history from Bryn Mawr, and then school. 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Details about her diagnosis or treatment life and work of Faust can seem paradoxical in certain lights for. And about their interdependence beings are in fact powerfully attracted to war so much of our history our. Later nominated by President Barack Obama to chair the Council of Economic Advisers very Civil! Years, Drew Gilpin Faust & # x27 ; s population would be six million Radcliffe Institute for Advanced,. Evidence, reason, facts, logic, an understanding of history of... A major loss during the global financial crisis business, the living left lame and blind she the. Access and affordability are more consequential than ever before, the life and of... Had turned out otherwise to be an able administrator marriage ended in 1976 have the power impose. Students would learn a lot, and I felt our students would learn a lot, and their! Universities are meant to be an able administrator including the passage of state laws to prevent desegregation at... 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